Scharnhorst-class battleship

Illustration of the Scharnhorst class
Class overview
Name	Scharnhorst
Builders	Deutsche Werke Kriegsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven
Operators	Kriegsmarine
Preceded by	L 20e α class (planned) Bayern class (actual)
Succeeded by	Bismarck class
Built	1935–1939
In service	1938–1943
Completed	Scharnhorst Gneisenau
Lost	2
General characteristics
Type	Fast battleship/Battlecruiser
Displacement	Standard: 32,100 long tons (32,600 t) Full load: 38,100 long tons (38,700 t)
Length	235 meters (771 ft) overall 226 meters (741 ft) waterline
Beam	30 meters (98 ft)
Draft	9.69 meters (31.8 ft) at 37,303 tons
Installed power	12 × water-tube boilers 151,893 PS (149,815 ihp; 111,717 kW)
Propulsion	3 × steam turbines 3 × screw propellers
Speed	31 knots (57 km/h; 36 mph)
Range	Scharnhorst: 7,100 nmi (13,100 km; 8,200 mi) at 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph) Gneisenau: 6,200 nmi (11,500 km; 7,100 mi) at 19 knots
Complement	1,669 (56 officers, 1613 enlisted)
Armament	9 × 28 cm/54.5 (11 inch) SK C/34 12 × 15 cm/55 (5.9") SK C/28 14 × 10.5 cm/65 (4.1 inch) SK C/33 16 × 3.7 cm/L83 (1.5") SK C/30 10 (later 16) × 2 cm/65 (0.79") C/30 or C/38
Armor	Belt: 350 mm (13.8 in) Deck: 50 to 95 mm (2.0 to 3.7 in) Turrets:200 to 360 mm (7.9 to 14.2 in) Conning tower: 350 mm
Aircraft carried	3 × Arado Ar 196A-3
Aviation facilities	1 × catapult

The Scharnhorst class was a class of German battleships (or battlecruisers) built immediately prior to World War II. The first capital ships of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, it comprised two vessels: Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. Scharnhorst was launched first,^[1] and is considered to be the lead ship by some sources; they are also referred to as the Gneisenau class in some other sources,^[2] as Gneisenau was the first to be laid down and commissioned.^[1] They marked the beginning of German naval rearmament after the Treaty of Versailles. The ships were armed with nine 28 cm (11 in) SK C/34 guns in three triple turrets; plans to replace these with six 38 cm (15 in) SK C/34 guns in twin turrets were never realized.

The two ships were laid down in 1935, launched in late 1936, and commissioned into the German fleet by early 1939. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau operated together for the early years of World War II, including sorties into the Atlantic to raid British merchant shipping. The two ships participated in Operation Weserübung, the German invasion of Denmark and Norway. During operations off Norway, the two ships engaged the battlecruiser HMS Renown and sank the aircraft carrier HMS Glorious on 8 June 1940. In the engagement with Glorious, Scharnhorst achieved one of the longest-range naval gunfire hits in history. In early 1942, the two ships made a daylight dash up the English Channel from occupied France to Germany.

In late 1942, Gneisenau was heavily damaged in an Allied air raid against Kiel. In early 1943, Scharnhorst joined the Bismarck-class Tirpitz in Norway to interdict Allied convoys to the Soviet Union. Scharnhorst and several destroyers sortied from Norway to attack a convoy; the Germans were instead intercepted by British naval patrols. During the battle of North Cape, a force led by the Royal Navy battleship HMS Duke of York sank Scharnhorst. In the meantime, repair work on Gneisenau had begun, and the ship was in the process of being rearmed. When Scharnhorst was sunk, work on her sister was abandoned. Instead, she was sunk as a blockship in Gotenhafen in 1945; the wreck was broken up for scrap in the 1950s.