Sea spray

Sea spray are aerosol particles formed from the ocean, mostly by ejection into Earth's atmosphere by bursting bubbles at the air-sea interface.^[1] Sea spray contains both organic matter and inorganic salts that form sea salt aerosol (SSA).^[2] SSA has the ability to form cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and remove anthropogenic aerosol pollutants from the atmosphere.^[3] Coarse sea spray has also been found to inhibit the development of lightning in storm clouds.^[4]

Sea spray is directly (and indirectly, through SSA) responsible for a significant degree of the heat and moisture fluxes between the atmosphere and the ocean,^[5]^[6] affecting global climate patterns and tropical storm intensity.^[7] Sea spray also influences plant growth and species distribution in coastal ecosystems^[8] and increases corrosion of building materials in coastal areas.^[9]

^ Lewis, Ernie (2004). Sea salt aerosol production : mechanisms, methods, measurements and models : a critical review. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. ISBN 978-1-118-66605-0. OCLC 646872726.
^ Gantt, Brett; Meskhidze, Nicholas (2013). "The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 13 (8): 3979–3996. Bibcode:2013ACP....13.3979G. doi:10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013.
^ Rosenfeld, Daniel; Lahav, Ronen; Khain, Alexander; Pinsky, Mark (2002-09-06). "The Role of Sea Spray in Cleansing Air Pollution over Ocean via Cloud Processes". Science. 297 (5587): 1667–1670. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1667R. doi:10.1126/science.1073869. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 12183635. S2CID 11897318.
^ Pan, Zengxin; Mao, Feiyue; Rosenfeld, Daniel; Zhu, Yannian; Zang, Lin; Lu, Xin; Thornton, Joel A.; Holzworth, Robert H.; Yin, Jianhua; Efraim, Avichay; Gong, Wei (2 August 2022). "Coarse sea spray inhibits lightning". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 4289. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.4289P. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31714-5. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 9345860. PMID 35918331. S2CID 251281273.
^ Andreas, Edgar L; Edson, James B.; Monahan, Edward C.; Rouault, Mathieu P.; Smith, Stuart D. (1995). "The spray contribution to net evaporation from the sea: A review of recent progress". Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 72 (1–2): 3–52. Bibcode:1995BoLMe..72....3A. doi:10.1007/bf00712389. ISSN 0006-8314. S2CID 121476167.
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[1] Lewis, Ernie (2004). Sea salt aerosol production : mechanisms, methods, measurements and models : a critical review. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. ISBN 978-1-118-66605-0. OCLC 646872726.

[2] Gantt, Brett; Meskhidze, Nicholas (2013). "The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 13 (8): 3979–3996. Bibcode:2013ACP....13.3979G. doi:10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013.

[3] Rosenfeld, Daniel; Lahav, Ronen; Khain, Alexander; Pinsky, Mark (2002-09-06). "The Role of Sea Spray in Cleansing Air Pollution over Ocean via Cloud Processes". Science. 297 (5587): 1667–1670. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1667R. doi:10.1126/science.1073869. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 12183635. S2CID 11897318.

[4] Pan, Zengxin; Mao, Feiyue; Rosenfeld, Daniel; Zhu, Yannian; Zang, Lin; Lu, Xin; Thornton, Joel A.; Holzworth, Robert H.; Yin, Jianhua; Efraim, Avichay; Gong, Wei (2 August 2022). "Coarse sea spray inhibits lightning". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 4289. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.4289P. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31714-5. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 9345860. PMID 35918331. S2CID 251281273.

[5] Andreas, Edgar L; Edson, James B.; Monahan, Edward C.; Rouault, Mathieu P.; Smith, Stuart D. (1995). "The spray contribution to net evaporation from the sea: A review of recent progress". Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 72 (1–2): 3–52. Bibcode:1995BoLMe..72....3A. doi:10.1007/bf00712389. ISSN 0006-8314. S2CID 121476167.

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