Sea turtle

Sea turtles; Temporal range: ; Early Cretaceous-Holocene,
	A green sea turtle, a species of the sea turtle superfamily
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Clade:	Americhelydia
Clade:	Panchelonioidea
Superfamily:	Chelonioidea; Bauer, 1893
Families
	Dermochelyidae; Cheloniidae; †Ctenochelyidae;
Synonyms
	Chelonii - Oppel, 1811 ; Chlonopteria - Rafinesque, 1814 ; Cheloniae - Schmid, 1819 ; Edigitata - Haworth, 1825 ; Oiacopodae - Wagler, 1828 ; Pterodactyli - Mayer, 1849

Sea turtles (superfamily Chelonioidea), sometimes called marine turtles,^[3] are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the flatback, green, hawksbill, leatherback, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and olive ridley.^[4]^[5] Six of the seven sea turtle species, all but the flatback, are present in U.S. waters, and are listed as endangered and/or threatened under the Endangered Species Act.^[6] All but the flatback turtle are listed as threatened with extinction globally on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The flatback turtle is found only in the waters of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia.^[7]^[6]

Sea turtles can be categorized as hard-shelled (cheloniid) or leathery-shelled (dermochelyid).^[8] The only dermochelyid species of sea turtle is the leatherback.^[8]

^ Hirayama R; Tong H (2003). "Osteopygis (Testudines: Cheloniidae) from the Lower Tertiary of the Ouled Abdoun phosphate basin, Morocco". Palaeontology. 46 (5): 845–56. Bibcode:2003Palgy..46..845H. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00322.
^ ^a ^b Rhodin, Anders G.J.; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Inverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley; Roger, Bour (2011-12-31). "Turtles of the world, 2011 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status" (PDF). Chelonian Research Monographs. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-31.
^ Avise, J. C.; Hamrick, J. L. (1996). Conservation Genetics. Springer. ISBN 978-0412055812.
^ Fisheries, NOAA. "Sea Turtles :: NOAA Fisheries". www.nmfs.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-20.
^ "Sea Turtle Species". The State of the World's Sea Turtles. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b Assessment of Sea-Turtle Status and Trends: Integrating Demography and Abundance. National Academies Press. 2010. doi:10.17226/12889. ISBN 978-0-309-15255-6.^{[page needed]}
^ "The Flatback: Australia's Own Sea Turtle". The State of the World's Sea Turtles. 2023-10-30. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b Wyneken, J. 2001. The Anatomy of Sea Turtles. U.S Department of Commerce NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-470, 1-172 pp.

[hirTong2003-1] Hirayama R; Tong H (2003). "Osteopygis (Testudines: Cheloniidae) from the Lower Tertiary of the Ouled Abdoun phosphate basin, Morocco". Palaeontology. 46 (5): 845–56. Bibcode:2003Palgy..46..845H. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00322.

[Rhodin11-2] Rhodin, Anders G.J.; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Inverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley; Roger, Bour (2011-12-31). "Turtles of the world, 2011 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status" (PDF). Chelonian Research Monographs. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-31.

[3] Avise, J. C.; Hamrick, J. L. (1996). Conservation Genetics. Springer. ISBN 978-0412055812.

[:12-4] Fisheries, NOAA. "Sea Turtles :: NOAA Fisheries". www.nmfs.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-20.

[auto-5] "Sea Turtle Species". The State of the World's Sea Turtles. Retrieved 30 October 2023.

[:23-6] Assessment of Sea-Turtle Status and Trends: Integrating Demography and Abundance. National Academies Press. 2010. doi:10.17226/12889. ISBN 978-0-309-15255-6.^{[page needed]}

[flatback-article-7] "The Flatback: Australia's Own Sea Turtle". The State of the World's Sea Turtles. 2023-10-30. Retrieved 30 October 2023.

[:24-8] Wyneken, J. 2001. The Anatomy of Sea Turtles. U.S Department of Commerce NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-470, 1-172 pp.

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