Second Epistle to Timothy

The Second Epistle to Timothy^[a] is one of the three pastoral epistles traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle.^[3] Addressed to Timothy, a fellow missionary,^[3] it is traditionally considered to be the last epistle he wrote before his death. The original language is Koine Greek.

Although the pastorals are written under Paul's name, they are different from his other epistles, and since the early 19th century, scholars have increasingly seen them as the work of an unknown student of Paul's doctrine.^[4]^[5] They do not address Paul's common themes, such as the believers' unity with Christ,^[3] and they reflect a church hierarchy that is more organized and defined than the church was in Paul's time.^[5]

Nonetheless, a number of scholars still defend the traditional authorship of 2 Timothy.^[4]^[6]^[7]

^ ESV Pew Bible. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 995. ISBN 978-1-4335-6343-0. Archived from the original on June 3, 2021.
^ "Bible Book Abbreviations". Logos Bible Software. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c May, Herbert G.; Metzger, Bruce M. (1977), The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, pp. 1440, 1446–49.
^ ^a ^b Johnson, Luke Timothy (2001). The First and Second Letters to Timothy. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-13988-8.
^ ^a ^b Harris, Stephen L. (1985), "The Pastoral Epistles", Understanding the Bible, Palo Alto: Mayfield, pp. 340–45.
^ Cite error: The named reference MurphoCon356 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Wright, N. T. (2018-02-27). Paul: A Biography. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-219827-3.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[1] ESV Pew Bible. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 995. ISBN 978-1-4335-6343-0. Archived from the original on June 3, 2021.

[2] "Bible Book Abbreviations". Logos Bible Software. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.

[MayMetzger2Timothy-4] May, Herbert G.; Metzger, Bruce M. (1977), The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, pp. 1440, 1446–49.

[:0-5] Johnson, Luke Timothy (2001). The First and Second Letters to Timothy. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-13988-8.

[HarrisPastoral-6] Harris, Stephen L. (1985), "The Pastoral Epistles", Understanding the Bible, Palo Alto: Mayfield, pp. 340–45.

[MurphoCon356-7] Cite error: The named reference MurphoCon356 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[8] Wright, N. T. (2018-02-27). Paul: A Biography. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-219827-3.

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