Second Intermedios campaign

Second Intermedios campaign
Part of the Peruvian War of Independence
1839 map of the "Intermedios"
Date May–October 1823 Location The "Intermedios" Ocoña Quilca Arica Clicsa Iquique and Upper Peru Result Royalist victory
Belligerents
Peru	Spain
Commanders and leaders
Andrés Santa Cruz	Gerónimo Valdés
Units involved
United Liberating Army	Royalist Army

The Second Intermedios Campaign (Spanish: Segunda Campaña de Intermedios) was a phase of the Independence of Peru that occurred between May and October 1823. Returning to the plan of the First Intermedios campaign, the Peruvian Army, under the command of General Andrés de Santa Cruz, landed in the so-called "intermediate ports" of southern Peru and entered into Upper Peru (present-day Bolivia), a region dominated by royalist forces under the command of viceroy José de la Serna. After the indecisive battle of Zepita and a campaign described as "no better than the first,"^[1] the patriots were overwhelmed by the massive royalist attack and retreated to the coast, with the survivors barely managing to embark.