Second Schmalkaldic War

Second Schmalkaldic War; Princes' Revolt
	Part of the European wars of religion; and the Protestant Reformation
	; Lucas Cranach jr.: Maurice of Saxony in armour (1578).
Date	March–August 1552
Location	German-speaking parts of the Holy Roman Empire, mainly southern Germany, Lorraine, and Austria
Result	Protestant victory; Peace of Passau (1552); Peace of Augsburg (1555);
Territorial; changes	The Three Bishoprics annexed by the Kingdom of France
Belligerents
Electoral Saxony; Hesse; Prussia; Brandenburg-Kulmbach; Supported by: France;	Holy Roman Empire Austria;
Commanders and leaders
Maurice; William IV; Albert; Albert Alcibiades;	Charles V

The Second Schmalkaldic War,^[1]^[2]^[3] also known as the Princes' Revolt^[2] (German: Fürstenaufstand, Fürstenkrieg or Fürstenverschwörung), was an uprising of German Protestant princes led by elector Maurice of Saxony against the Catholic emperor Charles V that broke out in 1552. Historians disagree whether the war concluded the same year with the Peace of Passau in August,^[1] or dragged on until the Peace of Augsburg in September 1555.^[2]^[3] The Protestant princes were supported by King Henry II of France, who was a Catholic, but sought to use the opportunity to expand his territory in modern-day Lorraine.^[1]

The war can be regarded as a continuation of the First Schmalkaldic War (1546–1547), in which Charles V and Maurice of Saxony jointly defeated the Schmalkaldic League of almost the same Protestant German princes. This previous conflict was settled by the Augsburg Interim, which left both camps unsatisfied, especially the princes who were forced to reconvert themselves and their population to Catholicism, although winning some concessions.

^ ^a ^b ^c John Hearsey McMillan Salmon. "The Wars of Religion". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Tallet, Frank; Trim, D. J. B. (2010). European Warfare, 1350–1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 287. ISBN 9781139485463. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
^ ^a ^b Onnekink, David (2013). War and Religion after Westphalia, 1648–1713. Ashgate Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 9781409480211. Retrieved 13 June 2018.

[Britannica-1] John Hearsey McMillan Salmon. "The Wars of Religion". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 14 June 2018.

[Tallet-2] Tallet, Frank; Trim, D. J. B. (2010). European Warfare, 1350–1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 287. ISBN 9781139485463. Retrieved 15 June 2018.

[Onnekink-3] Onnekink, David (2013). War and Religion after Westphalia, 1648–1713. Ashgate Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 9781409480211. Retrieved 13 June 2018.

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