Distribution of male and female functions across a species.
Barnacles have a variety of sexual systems.
A sexual system is a distribution of male and female function across organisms in a species .[1] [2] The terms reproductive system and mating system have also been used as synonyms.[3]
Sexual systems are a key factor for genetic variation and reproductive success , and may also have led to the origin or extinction of certain species .[4] The distinctions between different sexual systems is not always clear due to phenotypic plasticity .[2]
Interests in sexual systems go back to Darwin , who found that barnacles contain species that are androdioecious and some that are dioecious .[5]
^ Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior . Vol. 4. Academic Press. 2019-01-21. p. 584. ISBN 978-0-12-813252-4 .
^ a b Leonard JL (2019-05-21). Transitions Between Sexual Systems: Understanding the Mechanisms of, and Pathways Between, Dioecy, Hermaphroditism and Other Sexual Systems . Springer. p. 1. ISBN 978-3-319-94139-4 .
^ Cardoso, João Custódio Fernandes; Viana, Matheus Lacerda; Matias, Raphael; Furtado, Marco Túlio; Caetano, Ana Paula de Souza; Consolaro, Hélder; Brito, Vinícius Lourenço Garcia de (Jul–Sep 2018). "Towards a unified terminology for angiosperm reproductive systems" . Acta Botanica Brasilica . 32 (3): 329–348. doi :10.1590/0102-33062018abb0124 . ISSN 0102-3306 . S2CID 91470660 .
^ Goldberg EE, Otto SP, Vamosi JC, Mayrose I, Sabath N, Ming R, Ashman TL (April 2017). "Macroevolutionary synthesis of flowering plant sexual systems". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution . 71 (4): 898–912. doi :10.1111/evo.13181 . PMID 28085192 . S2CID 19562183 .
^ Yusa Y, Yoshikawa M, Kitaura J, Kawane M, Ozaki Y, Yamato S, Høeg JT (March 2012). "Adaptive evolution of sexual systems in pedunculate barnacles" . Proceedings. Biological Sciences . 279 (1730): 959–66. doi :10.1098/rspb.2011.1554 . PMC 3259936 . PMID 21881138 .