Sexual violence in Haiti is a common phenomenon today, making it a public health problem.[1][2] Being raped is considered shameful in Haitian society, and victims may find themselves abandoned by loved ones or with reduced marriageability. Until 2005, rape was not legally considered a serious crime and a rapist could avoid jail by marrying his victim. Reporting a rape to police in Haiti is a difficult and convoluted process, a factor that contributes to underreporting and difficulty in obtaining accurate statistics about sexual violence. Few rapists face any punishment.
Sexual violence potentially augments the risk of HIV infection. A Ministry of Health (Haiti) study reported there was sub-optimal utilization of anti-HIV medications following sexual assault at the largest state hospital in Haiti, L'Hôpital de l'Université d'État d'Haiti.[1][2] Study findings recommended the prioritization of funding and comprehensive interventions that align sexual violence, HIV and mental health to support the timely uptake to antiretroviral medications following sexual assault.
A UN Security Council study in 2006 reported 35,000 sexual assaults against women and girls between 2004 and 2006.[3] The UN also reported that half of the women living in the capital city Port-au-Prince's slums had been raped.[4] United Nations peacekeepers stationed in Haiti since 2004 have drawn widespread resentment after reports emerged of the soldiers raping Haitian civilians.
The devastating earthquake in 2010 caused over a million Haitians to move to refugee camps where conditions are dangerous and poor.[5] A study by a human rights group found that 14% of Haitian households reported having at least one member suffered sexual violence within two years after the earthquake.[6] In 2012, sexual assaults in Port-au-Prince were reported at a rate 20 times higher in the camps than elsewhere in Haiti.[7]
A 2009 study reported that up to 225,000 Haitian children are forced to work as domestic servants, and are at grave risk of rape at the hands of their captors.[8] The children, known as restaveks, are traded into other households by their families, exchanging the children's labor for upbringing.[8][9] Two thirds of restaveks are female, and most of them come from very poor families and are given to better-off ones.[8] Restaveks who are young and female are particularly likely to be victimized sexually.[10] Female restaveks are sometimes referred to as "la pou sa" which translates to "here for this"—'this' being the sexual pleasure of the males of the family with whom they are staying.[11]
- ^ a b Marc, Linda; Honoré, Jean-Guy; Néjuste, Patrick; Setaruddin, Monica; Lamothe, Nika-Nola; Thimothé, Gabriel; Cornely, Jean-Ronald (2013). "Uptake to HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Haiti: Opportunities to Align Sexual Violence, HIV PEP and Mental Health". American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 69 (Suppl 1): 132–41. doi:10.1111/aji.12053. PMC 4480644. PMID 23278979.
- ^ a b https://sciencenow.unaids.org/post/eliminate-gender-inequalities[full citation needed]
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Grams2010was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Gupta, J.; Agrawal, A. (2010). "Chronic aftershocks of an earthquake on the well-being of children in Haiti: violence, psychosocial health and slavery". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 182 (18): 1997–9. doi:10.1503/cmaj.100526. PMC 3001506. PMID 20682730.
- ^ Sommerfelt and Pederson 2011, p. 87.
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