Back Shaivisme Afrikaans شيفاوية Arabic شيفيه ARZ Shivaísmu AST Shaivismo BCL Шываізм Byelorussian Шиваизъм Bulgarian शैव मत Bihari শৈবধর্ম Bengali/Bangla Xivaisme Catalan
 Shiva (above) is the primary God in Shaivism. |
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Shaivism (/ˈʃaɪvɪzəm/; Sanskrit: शैवसम्प्रदायः, romanized: Śaivasampradāyaḥa) is one of the major Hindu traditions, which worships Shiva[1][2][3] as the Supreme Being. One of the largest Hindu denominations,[4][5] it incorporates many sub-traditions ranging from devotional dualistic theism such as Shaiva Siddhanta to yoga-orientated monistic non-theism such as Kashmiri Shaivism.[6][7][8] It considers both the Vedas and the Agama texts as important sources of theology.[9][10][11] According to a 2010 estimate by Johnson and Grim, Shaivism is the second-largest Hindu sect, constituting about 252 million or 26.6% of Hindus.[4][12]
Shaivism developed as an amalgam of pre-Vedic religions and traditions derived from the southern Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta traditions and philosophies, which were assimilated in the non-Vedic Shiva-tradition.[13] In the process of Sanskritisation and the formation of Hinduism, starting in the last centuries BCE, these pre-Vedic traditions became aligned with the Vedic deity Rudra and other Vedic deities, incorporating the non-Vedic Shiva-traditions into the Vedic-Brahmanical fold.[2][14]
Both devotional and monistic Shaivism became popular in the 1st millennium CE, rapidly becoming the dominant religious tradition of many Hindu kingdoms.[2] It arrived in Southeast Asia shortly thereafter, leading to the construction of thousands of Shaiva temples on the islands of Indonesia as well as Cambodia and Vietnam, co-evolving with Buddhism in these regions.[15][16]
[6][7][17] The followers of Shaivism are called Shaivas or Shaivites.
- ^ Bisschop 2020, pp. 15–16.
- ^ a b c Bisschop 2011.
- ^ Chakravarti 1986, p. 1.
- ^ a b Johnson, Todd M; Grim, Brian J (2013). The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography. John Wiley & Sons. p. 400. ISBN 9781118323038. Archived from the original on 9 December 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ^ Jones & Ryan 2006, p. 474.
- ^ a b Flood 1996, pp. 162–167.
- ^ a b Ganesh Tagare (2002), The Pratyabhijñā Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1892-7, pages 16–19
- ^ Flood 2003, pp. 202–204.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
davidsmith116was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Mariasusai Dhavamony (1999), Hindu Spirituality, Gregorian University and Biblical Press, ISBN 978-88-7652-818-7, pages 31–34 with footnotes
- ^ Mark Dyczkowski (1989), The Canon of the Śaivāgama, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-0595-8, pages 43–44
- ^ "Chapter 1 Global Religious Populations" (PDF). January 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2013.
- ^ Chakravarti 1986, p. 66-70.
- ^ Chakravarti 1986, p. 1, 66-70.
- ^ Flood 2003, pp. 208–214.
- ^ Jan Gonda (1975). Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 3 Southeast Asia, Religions. BRILL Academic. pp. 3–20, 35–36, 49–51. ISBN 90-04-04330-6. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ^ "Introduction to Hinduism". Himalayan Academy. 2009. Archived from the original on 30 April 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
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