Shajar al-Durr

Names
	al-Malika ʿAṣmat ad-Dīn ʾUmm-Khalīl Shajar ad-Durr

Shajar al-Durr
Shajar al-Durr
	Dinar coin of Shajar al-Durr
Sultan of Egypt
Reign	2 May – 30 July 1250
Predecessor	Al-Muazzam Turanshah
Successor	Izz al-Din Aybak
Regent of Egypt
Regency	21 November 1249 – 27 February 1250
Born	unknown
Died	28 April 1257; Cairo
Burial	Cairo
Spouse	; As-Salih Ayyub (died 1249) ; Izz al-Din Aybak (m. 1250; died 1257)
Issue	Khalil
Names
Names
	al-Malika ʿAṣmat ad-Dīn ʾUmm-Khalīl Shajar ad-Durr
Religion	Sunni Islam

Shajar al-Durr (Arabic: شجر الدر, lit. 'Tree of Pearls'), also Shajarat al-Durr (شجرة الدر),^[a] whose royal name was al-Malika ʿAṣmat ad-Dīn ʾUmm-Khalīl Shajar ad-Durr (الملكة عصمة الدين أم خليل شجر الدر;^[b] died 28 April 1257), was a ruler of Egypt. She was the wife of As-Salih Ayyub, and later of Izz al-Din Aybak, the first sultan of the Mamluk Bahri dynasty. Prior to becoming Ayyub's wife, she was a child slave and Ayyub's concubine.^[4]

In political affairs, Shajar al-Durr played a crucial role after the death of her first husband during the Seventh Crusade against Egypt (1249–1250 AD). She became the sultana of Egypt on 2 May 1250, marking the end of the Ayyubid reign and the start of the Mamluk era.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

^ Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. p. 8. ISBN 0-89950-390-X.
^ Abu Al-Fida, pp.66-87/Year 648H.
^ Al-Maqrizi,p.459/vol.1.
^ Ruggles 2020, p. 98.
^ Some historians regard Shajar al-Durr as the first of the Mamluk sultans. – (Shayyal, p.115/vol.2)
^ Al-Maqrizi described Shajar al-Durr as the first of the Mamluk sultans of Turkic origin. " This woman, Shajar al-Durr, was the first of the Turkish Mamluk kings who ruled Egypt " – (Al-Maqrizi, p.459/ vol.1)
^ Ibn Iyas regarded Shajar al-Durr as an Ayyubid. – (Ibn Iyas, p.89)
^ According to J. D. Fage " it is difficult to decide whether this queen (Shajar al-Durr) was the last of the Ayyubids or the first of the Mamluks as she was connected with both the vanishing and the oncoming dynasty". Fage, p.37

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[Stewart-1] Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. p. 8. ISBN 0-89950-390-X.

[3] Abu Al-Fida, pp.66-87/Year 648H.

[4] Al-Maqrizi,p.459/vol.1.

[FOOTNOTERuggles202098-6] Ruggles 2020, p. 98.

[7] Some historians regard Shajar al-Durr as the first of the Mamluk sultans. – (Shayyal, p.115/vol.2)

[8] Al-Maqrizi described Shajar al-Durr as the first of the Mamluk sultans of Turkic origin. " This woman, Shajar al-Durr, was the first of the Turkish Mamluk kings who ruled Egypt " – (Al-Maqrizi, p.459/ vol.1)

[9] Ibn Iyas regarded Shajar al-Durr as an Ayyubid. – (Ibn Iyas, p.89)

[10] According to J. D. Fage " it is difficult to decide whether this queen (Shajar al-Durr) was the last of the Ayyubids or the first of the Mamluks as she was connected with both the vanishing and the oncoming dynasty". Fage, p.37

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