Shatrunjaya

Shatrunjaya
Shatrunjaya
	View of pilgrims ascending Shatrunjaya Hill
Highest point
Elevation	580 m (1,900 ft)Archaeological Survey of India[citation needed]
Coordinates	21°28′6″N 71°48′0″E / 21.46833°N 71.80000°E
Geography
	Shatrunjaya Location in Gujarat
Location	Palitana, Bhavnagar district, Gujarat, India

Shatrunjaya, also spelled Shetrunjaya ("place of victory against inner enemies")^[1] and originally known as Pundarikgiri, is a range of hills located near the city of Palitana in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat, India. The hills are situated on the banks of the Shetrunji River at an elevation of approximately 164 feet (50 m) above sea level. These hills bear similarities to other locations where Jain temples have been constructed, including those in Bihar, Gwalior, Mount Abu, and Girnar.^[2]

The sacred Jain hill of Shatrunjaya is home to 865 temples.^[3] The site was sanctified when Rishabha, the first Tirthankara of Jainism, delivered his sermons on the summit.^[4]

The ancient significance of the hills is also attributed to Pundarik Swami, a chief Ganadhara and the grandson of Rishabha, who is believed to have attained Nirvana or Moksha here. His shrine is located opposite the main temple of Adinath, which was built by Bharata, the son of Rishabha.^[5]^[6]

Alternate spellings include Śatruñjaya, Satrunjaya, Shetrunja, and Shetrunjo. Shatrunjaya was also known as Pundarikgiri, as Pundarik Swami is believed to have attained nirvana on the mountain.^[7]^[8] Other names include Siddhakshetra or Siddhanchal, since many Tirthankaras are said to have attained enlightenment there.^[9]

Shatrunjaya is considered the most sacred pilgrimage site in Jainism.

^ Arnett, Robert (15 July 2006). India Unveiled. Atman Press. pp. 164–. ISBN 978-0-9652900-4-3. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
^ John Cort (21 January 2010). Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History. Oxford University Press. pp. 120–. ISBN 978-0-19-538502-1. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
^ Melton, J. Gordon (13 September 2011). Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations. ABC-CLIO. pp. 19–. ISBN 978-1-59884-205-0. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
^ "Pilgrims flock Palitana for Kartik Poornima yatra". The Times of India. 2 November 2009. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
^ Dr Linda Kay Davidson; David Martin Gitlitz (1 November 2002). Pilgrimage: From the Ganges to Graceland : An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 419–. ISBN 978-1-57607-004-8. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
^ "Glistening spires of Palitana temples". The Hindu. 4 April 2004. Archived from the original on 23 September 2004. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
^ https://jainqq.org/explore/037034/276
^ https://jainqq.org/explore/004512/32
^ Deshpande 2005, pp. 418–419.

[Arnett2006-1] Arnett, Robert (15 July 2006). India Unveiled. Atman Press. pp. 164–. ISBN 978-0-9652900-4-3. Retrieved 17 December 2012.

[Cort2010-2] John Cort (21 January 2010). Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History. Oxford University Press. pp. 120–. ISBN 978-0-19-538502-1. Retrieved 17 December 2012.

[Melton2011-3] Melton, J. Gordon (13 September 2011). Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations. ABC-CLIO. pp. 19–. ISBN 978-1-59884-205-0. Retrieved 21 December 2012.

[Yatra-4] "Pilgrims flock Palitana for Kartik Poornima yatra". The Times of India. 2 November 2009. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2012.

[DavidsonGitlitz2002-5] Dr Linda Kay Davidson; David Martin Gitlitz (1 November 2002). Pilgrimage: From the Ganges to Graceland : An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 419–. ISBN 978-1-57607-004-8. Retrieved 17 December 2012.

[Hindu-6] "Glistening spires of Palitana temples". The Hindu. 4 April 2004. Archived from the original on 23 September 2004. Retrieved 20 December 2012.

[7] ttps://jainqq.org/explore/037034/276

[8] ttps://jainqq.org/explore/004512/32

[FOOTNOTEDeshpande2005418–419-9] Deshpande 2005, pp. 418–419.

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