Shivering

Shivering (also called shuddering) is a bodily function in response to cold and extreme fear in warm-blooded animals.^[1] When the core body temperature drops, the shivering reflex is triggered to maintain homeostasis.^[1] Skeletal muscles begin to shake in small movements, creating warmth by expending energy. Shivering can also be a response to fever, as a person may feel cold.^[2] During fever, the hypothalamic set point for temperature is raised.^[3] The increased set point causes the body temperature to rise (pyrexia), but also makes a person feel cold until the new set point is reached.^[3]

^ ^a ^b Hemingway, Allan (July 1963). "Shivering". Physiological Reviews. 43 (3): 397–422. doi:10.1152/physrev.1963.43.3.397. ISSN 0031-9333.
^ Holtzclaw, Barbara J. (1993-01-01). "The Shivering Response". Annual Review of Nursing Research. 11 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1891/0739-6686.11.1.31. ISSN 0739-6686.
^ ^a ^b Balli, Swetha; Shumway, Karlie R.; Sharan, Shweta (2025), "Physiology, Fever", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32966005, retrieved 2025-04-03

[:0-1] Hemingway, Allan (July 1963). "Shivering". Physiological Reviews. 43 (3): 397–422. doi:10.1152/physrev.1963.43.3.397. ISSN 0031-9333.

[2] Holtzclaw, Barbara J. (1993-01-01). "The Shivering Response". Annual Review of Nursing Research. 11 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1891/0739-6686.11.1.31. ISSN 0739-6686.

[:2-3] Balli, Swetha; Shumway, Karlie R.; Sharan, Shweta (2025), "Physiology, Fever", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32966005, retrieved 2025-04-03

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