Simula

Simula
Paradigms	Multi-paradigm: procedural, imperative, structured, object-oriented
Family	ALGOL
Designed by	Ole-Johan Dahl
Developer	Kristen Nygaard
First appeared	1962
Stable release	Simula 67, Simula I
Typing discipline	Static, nominative
Scope	Lexical
Implementation language	ALGOL 60 (primarily; some components Simscript)
OS	Unix-like, Windows, z/OS, TOPS-10, MVS
Website	www.simula67.info
Influenced by
	ALGOL 60, Simscript
Influenced
	BETA, CLU, Eiffel, Emerald, Pascal, Smalltalk, and many other object-oriented programming languages

Simula is the name of two simulation programming languages, Simula I and Simula 67, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard. Syntactically, it is an approximate superset of ALGOL 60,^[1]^: 1.3.1 and was also influenced by the design of Simscript.^[2]

Simula 67 introduced objects,^[1]^: 2, 5.3 classes,^[1]^{: 1.3.3, 2} inheritance and subclasses,^[1]^: 2.2.1 virtual procedures,^[1]^: 2.2.3 coroutines,^[1]^: 9.2 and discrete event simulation,^[1]^: 14.2 and featured garbage collection.^[1]^: 9.1 Other forms of subtyping (besides inheriting subclasses) were introduced in Simula derivatives.^{[citation needed]}

Simula is considered the first object-oriented programming language. As its name suggests, the first Simula version by 1962 was designed for doing simulations; Simula 67 though was designed to be a general-purpose programming language^[3] and provided the framework for many of the features of object-oriented languages today.

Simula has been used in a wide range of applications such as simulating very-large-scale integration (VLSI) designs, process modeling, communication protocols, algorithms, and other applications such as typesetting, computer graphics, and education. The influence of Simula is often understated, and Simula-type objects are reimplemented in C++, Object Pascal, Java, C#, and many other languages. Computer scientists such as Bjarne Stroustrup, creator of C++, and James Gosling, creator of Java, have acknowledged Simula as a major influence.^[4]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Dahl, Ole-Johan; Myhrhaug, Bjørn; Nygaard, Kristen (1970). Common Base Language (PDF) (Report). Norwegian Computing Center. Archived from the original on 2013-12-25. Retrieved 17 November 2020.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ Nygaard, Kristen (1978). "The Development of the Simula Languages" (PDF). The development of .. SIMULA I and SIMULA 67... were influenced by the design of SIMSCRIPT ...
^ Kristen Nygaard and Ole-Johan Dahl. 1978. The development of the SIMULA languages. History of programming languages. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 439–480. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/800025.1198392
^ Wong, William. "Before C, What Did You Use?". Electronic Design. Retrieved 22 May 2017.

[CommonBase-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Dahl, Ole-Johan; Myhrhaug, Bjørn; Nygaard, Kristen (1970). Common Base Language (PDF) (Report). Norwegian Computing Center. Archived from the original on 2013-12-25. Retrieved 17 November 2020.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[2] Nygaard, Kristen (1978). "The Development of the Simula Languages" (PDF). The development of .. SIMULA I and SIMULA 67... were influenced by the design of SIMSCRIPT ...

[3] Kristen Nygaard and Ole-Johan Dahl. 1978. The development of the SIMULA languages. History of programming languages. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 439–480. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/800025.1198392

[4] Wong, William. "Before C, What Did You Use?". Electronic Design. Retrieved 22 May 2017.

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