Socialist Republic of Montenegro

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People's Republic of Montenegro (1945–1963) Народна Република Црна Гора (Serbo-Croatian) Socialist Republic of Montenegro (1963–1991) Социјалистичка Република Црна Гора (Serbo-Croatian) Republic of Montenegro (1991–1992) Република Црна Гора (Serbo-Croatian)
1944–1992
Flag (1946–1993) Emblem
Location of Montenegro in Yugoslavia
Status	Constituent republic of Yugoslavia
Capital	Titograd
Common languages	Serbo-Croatian (Serbian standard) Albanian
Government	1944–1948: Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic 1948–1990: Titoist one-party socialist republic 1990–1992: Dominant-party parliamentary republic
President
• 1945–1946 (first)	Niko Miljanić
• 1990–1992 (last)	Momir Bulatović
Prime Minister
• 1945–1953 (first)	Blažo Jovanović
• 1989–1992 (last)	Radoje Kontić
Legislature	People's Assembly
History
• ZAVNOCGB	15 December 1944
• End of WWII	8 May 1945
• Constitutional Amendment	December 1992
Population
• 1991 census	615,035
ISO 3166 code	ME
Preceded by Succeeded by German occupied territory of Montenegro Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Republic of Montenegro

The Socialist Republic of Montenegro (Serbo-Croatian: Socijalistička Republika Crna Gora / Социјалистичка Република Црна Гора), commonly referred to as Socialist Montenegro or simply Montenegro, was one of the six republics forming the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the nation state of the Montenegrins. It is a predecessor of the modern-day Montenegro.

Socialist Montenegro was a non-nationalist state^[1] and Serbo-Croatian was its official language. Prior to its formation, Montenegro was part of Zeta banovina administrative unit of Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Between 1945 and 1963, the Montenegrin government embarked on a program of rapid industrialization, nationalization of private property, and collectivization of agriculture, following the wider Yugoslav socialist development strategy. Political control was exercised through the League of Communists of Montenegro, the local branch of the LCY, which played a central role in governance and ideological supervision.^[2]

The 1963 Constitution marked a shift by renaming the republic and modestly redefining its status within the federation. A more significant transformation occurred after the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution, which granted Montenegro and other republics increased autonomy, particularly in governance, foreign relations, and economic planning. Nonetheless, Montenegro remained loyal to federal unity, often aligning closely with Belgrade’s political direction.^[3]

Montenegrin politics during this era were relatively stable but tightly controlled. Dissent was minimal until the 1980s, when a broader liberalization across Yugoslavia led to increasing national expression and the emergence of reformist voices. These shifts, combined with the federation’s deepening political and economic crisis, culminated in the collapse of the socialist regime. In 1991, Montenegro began its transition toward multiparty democracy, formally ending decades of communist rule.^[4]