Soybean cyst nematode

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Soybean cyst nematode
Soybean cyst nematode and egg
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Nematoda
Class:	Secernentea
Order:	Tylenchida
Family:	Heteroderidae
Genus:	Heterodera
Species:	H. glycines
Binomial name
Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is the most devastating pest to soybean crop yields in the U.S.,^[1] targeting the roots of soybean and other legume plants. When infection is severe SCNs cause stunting, yellowing, impaired canopy development, and yield loss.^[2] The symptoms caused by SCNs can go easily unrecognized by farmers—in some cases there are no warning symptoms before a loss of 40% of the yield.^{[RM 1]} Due to the slight stunting and yellowing, many farmers may mistake these symptoms as environmental problems when in fact they are SCNs.^[3] Another symptom of SCNs that may affect farmers' yields is stunted roots with fewer nitrogen-fixing nodules.^[4] Due to the fact that soybean cyst nematodes can only move a few centimeters in the soil by themselves, they mostly are spread via tillage or plant transplants. This area of infection will look patchy and nonuniform making diagnosis more difficult for farmers.^[2] They can be seen in the roots of summer soybean plants if the roots are taken out very carefully and gently washed with water.^{[RM 2]} The egg masses should be seen as bright white or yellow "pearls" on the roots. The later the roots are pulled the harder it will be to diagnose due to the SCNs female dying and turning a much darker color, forming a "cyst".^[5] The best way to know if a field is infected by soybean cyst nematodes is to take a soil sample to a nematologist.

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