Total population | |
---|---|
History Spanish colonial statistics: 5% of the Philippine population during the 1700s.[1][2] Present 2007-2024 statistics: 672,319 Hispanic Filipino diaspora[3][4] worldwide.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Diaspora | |
![]() | 200,000[12] (2018 census) |
![]() | 200,000[9] (2007) |
![]() | 128,693[13] (2021 census) |
![]() | 0.4%[14] (2021 census) |
![]() | 91,620[15] (2014 census) |
![]() | 41,575[16] (2021 census) |
Latin America | 5,479[17][18] (2024 census) |
![]() | 4,952[19] (2020 census) |
Languages | |
Spanish (Philippine • Castilian) Spanish creole (Chavacano) English (Philippine) Filipino (Tagalog • Indigenous Philippine languages) | |
Religion | |
Christianity • Roman Catholic | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Spanish diaspora • Latin Americans • other Filipinos (including Filipino Mestizos) |
![]() Flag of the Hispanic people | |
Regions with significant populations | |
---|---|
Metro Manila, Bais City, Dumaguete City, Zamboanga City, Cebu City, Vigan, Iloilo City, Bauang | |
Languages | |
Spanish (Philippine), Filipino, other Philippine languages, English and Chavacano | |
Religion | |
Roman Catholic |
Part of a series on the |
Spanish people |
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![]() Rojigualda (historical Spanish flag) |
Regional groups |
Other groups
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Significant Spanish diaspora |
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Spanish Filipino or Hispanic Filipino (Spanish: Español Filipino, Hispano Filipino, Tagalog: Kastílang Pilipino, Cebuano: Katsílà) are people of Spanish and Filipino heritage. The term may also include Filipino mestizos of Spanish ancestry who identify with Spanish culture and may or may not speak the Spanish language.[20] According to a present-day 2007-2024 international government census data provided by different countries around the globe shows that there are around 672,319 people with mixed White Spanish and Indigenous Filipino ancestries living on different parts of the world, as well as 4,952 individuals who self-identified as ethnically Spanish[21]in the Philippines.
Forming a part of the Spanish diaspora,[20] the heritage of Spanish Filipinos may come recently from Spain, from descendants of the original Spanish settlers during the Spanish colonial period, or from Spain's colonies in Latin America (such as Mexico).
Many of their communities in Spain, Mexico, the United States, Australia, Canada, Latin America and the Philippines trace their origin to the early settlers from Europe and Southeast Asia during the Spanish colonial period and in recent overseas migration in the 1900s.
In the Philippines depending on the specific provinces, in the late 1700s to early 1800s they formed as much as 19% in the capital city of Manila at formerly named Tondo province,[1]: 539 and about 1.38% of the Ilocos region,[2]: 31 2.17% of Cebu[2]: 113 or 16.72% of Bataan[1]: 539 and other parts of the country.
The Spanish population that settled in the Philippines during the colonial period were originally referred to as "Filipinos".[22][23] Spaniards, Latin Americans and Spanish-speaking Filipinos are referred to by native Filipinos as "Kastila", a word for "Castilian" which means the region and language of Castile, or an individual of Spanish heritage. Native Filipinos in historical terms are referred to by the Spaniards as "Indio" (a word for "Indian" or Indigenous people). Filipinos of Spanish backgrounds numbered at about 4,952 people, while Mestizo Filipinos of mixed native Filipino and European ancestry made up about 5% of the Philippines' population during the 1700s.[1][2]
The abrupt decline of Spanish Filipinos as a percentage of the population is due to the events of the Philippine Revolution during the Philippine Republic in the late 1800s, as Filipinos of Spanish heritage choose to identify themselves as pure native Filipino, as part of establishing a united national identity in the country,[24] or some have relocated back to Spain, or have migrated to other countries during that period.
During and after the Philippine Revolution, the term "Filipino" included people of all nationalities and race, born in the Philippines.[25][26][27]
Today, Hispanic Filipinos are found in all social classes worldwide, from upper wealthy to lower poor disadvantage backgrounds, and from high profiled individuals to ordinary unknown people. They have long integrated into the native communities living their lives as ordinary citizens. However most of the successful individuals are present in economics and business sectors in the Philippines and a few sources estimate companies which comprise a significant portion of the Philippine economy like International Container Terminal Services Inc., Manila Water, Integrated Micro-Electronics, Inc., Ayala Land, Ynchausti y Compañia, Ayala Corporation, Aboitiz & Company, Union Bank of the Philippines, ANSCOR, Bank of the Philippine Islands, Globe Telecom, Solaire Resort & Casino, and Central Azucarera de La Carlota, to name but a few are owned by Hispanic Filipinos.[28][29][30][31][32]
The cultural identity of the mestizos was challenged as they became increasingly aware that they were true members of neither the Indio nor the Chinese community. Increasingly powerful but adrift, they linked with the Spanish mestizos, who were also being challenged because after the Latin American revolutions broke the Spanish Empire, many of the settlers from the New World, Caucasian Creoles born in Mexico or Peru, became suspect in the eyes of the Iberian Spanish. The Spanish Empire had lost its universality.
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