Back Filastin ACE Staat Palestina Afrikaans Staat Palästina ALS Rice of Palestīn ANG फिलिस्तीन ANP دولة فلسطين Arabic فلسطين ARY دولة فلسطين ARZ পেলেষ্টাইন Assamese Estáu de Palestina AST

State of Palestine

This article is about the State of Palestine specifically. For the Fatah-controlled government body, see Palestinian Authority. For the geographical region, see Palestine (region). For other uses, see Palestine (disambiguation).

State of Palestine
دولة فلسطين (Arabic)
Dawlat Filasṭīn
Anthem: "فدائي"
"Fida'i"[1]
"Fedayeen Warrior"
Occupied Palestinian territories (green).[2] Territory annexed by Israel (light green).
Occupied Palestinian territories (green).[2]
Territory annexed by Israel (light green).
StatusUN observer state under Israeli occupation [a]
Recognized by 145 UN member states
  • Capital
  • Administrative
    center
Largest cityGaza City (before 2023), currently in flux[3][4]
Official languagesArabic
Demonym(s)Palestinian
GovernmentUnitary semi-presidential republic[5]
• President
Mahmoud Abbas[c]
Mohammad Mustafa
Aziz Dweik
LegislatureNational Council
Formation
15 November 1988
29 November 2012
• Sovereignty dispute with Israel
Ongoing[d][6][7]
Area
• Total
6,020[8] km2 (2,320 sq mi) (163rd)
• Water (%)
3.5[9]
• West Bank
5,655 km2
• Gaza Strip
365 km2[10]
Population
• 2023 estimate
5,483,450[11] (121st)
• Density
731/km2 (1,893.3/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $36.391 billion[12] (138th)
• Per capita
Increase $6,642[12] (140th)
GDP (nominal)2021 estimate
• Total
Increase $18.109 billion[12] (121st)
• Per capita
Increase $3,464[12] (131st)
Gini (2016)Positive decrease 33.7[13]
medium
HDI (2021)Increase 0.715[14]
high (106th)
Currency
Time zoneUTC+2 (Palestine Standard Time)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+3 (Palestine Summer Time)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Driving sideright
Calling code+970
ISO 3166 codePS
Internet TLD.ps

Palestine,[i] officially the State of Palestine,[ii][f] is a country[19] in the southern Levant region of West Asia, encompassing the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, within the larger historic Palestine region. The country shares most of its borders with Israel, and borders Jordan to the east and Egypt to the southwest. It has a combined land area of 6,020 square kilometres (2,320 sq mi) while its population exceeds five million people. Its proclaimed capital is Jerusalem while Ramallah serves as its administrative center and Gaza City was its largest city until 2023.[3][4] Arabic is the official language.

During World War I, Britain supported the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine, later occupying and partitioning it from the Ottoman Empire, and setting up Mandatory Palestine.[20][21] During the mandate period, large European Jewish immigration allowed by the British authorities increased tensions with the local Palestinian Arab population,[20] and the United Nations adopted a partition plan, recommending the creation of two independent Arab and Jewish states and an independent Jerusalem entity.[22] A civil war broke out in 1947 and the plan was not implemented.[23]

The 1948 Palestine war saw the forcible displacement of most of its predominantly Palestinian Arab population, and consequently the establishment of Israel, in what Palestinians call the Nakba.[24] During the Six-Day War in 1967, Israel occupied the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. In 1988, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) declared the establishment of the State, which later signed the 1993 Oslo peace accords with Israel, creating the Palestinian Authority (PA). In 2007, internal divisions between Palestinian political factions led to a takeover of the Gaza Strip by Hamas. Since then, the West Bank has been governed in part by the Fatah-led Palestinian Authority, while the Gaza Strip has remained under the control of Hamas. Israel has built settlements in the territories since its 1967 occupation, with the ones in Gaza being dismantled following Israel's unilateral disengagement in 2005. Approximately 670,000 Israeli settlers live in illegal Israeli settlements in the West Bank.

Currently, the biggest challenges to the country include the Israeli occupation, a blockade, restrictions on movement, Israeli settlements and settler violence, as well as an overall poor security situation. The questions of Palestine's borders, the legal and diplomatic status of Jerusalem, and the right of return of Palestinian refugees remain unsolved. Despite these challenges, the country maintains an emerging economy and sees frequent tourism. It is also a member of several international organizations, including the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. It has been a non-member observer state of the United Nations since 2012.[25][26][27][28] The majority of Palestinians practice Islam while Christianity also has a presence.

  1. ^ "Palestine" (includes audio). nationalanthems.info. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  2. ^ "Ban sends Palestinian application for UN membership to Security Council". United Nations News Centre. 23 September 2011. Archived from the original on 10 October 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  3. ^ a b "ActionAid: Conditions in Rafah at breaking point, with over one million displaced people". wafa agency.
  4. ^ a b Nearly 1 million Palestinians are fleeing Rafah and northern Gaza
  5. ^ "Declaration of Independence (1988) (UN Doc)". State of Palestine Permanent Observer Mission to the United Nations. United Nations. 18 November 1988. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  6. ^ Miskin, Maayana (5 December 2012). "PA Weighs 'State of Palestine' Passport". Arutz Sheva. Archived from the original on 7 December 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2014. A senior PA official revealed the plans in an interview with Al-Quds newspaper. The change to 'state' status is important because it shows that 'the state of Palestine is occupied,' he said.
  7. ^ "State of Palestine name change shows limitations". Associated Press. 17 January 2013. Archived from the original on 10 January 2013. Israel remains in charge of territories the world says should one day make up that state.
  8. ^ "Table 3, Population by sex, annual rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF). Demographic Yearbook. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  9. ^ "The World Factbook: Middle East: West Bank". Central Intelligence Agency. 7 April 2014. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  10. ^ "The World Factbook: Middle East: Gaza Strip". Central Intelligence Agency. 12 May 2014. Archived from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  11. ^ "Estimated Population in the Palestine Mid-Year by Governorate, 1997–2026". Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
  12. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Palestine)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  13. ^ "GINI index coefficient: West Bank & Gaza". The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  14. ^ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  15. ^ According to Article 4 of the 1994 Paris Protocol, the State of Palestine has no official currency. The Protocol allows the Palestinian Authority to adopt multiple currencies. In the West Bank, the Israeli new sheqel and Jordanian dinar are widely accepted, while in the Gaza Strip the Israeli new sheqel and Egyptian pound are widely accepted.
  16. ^ Bissio, Robert Remo, ed. (1995). The World: A Third World Guide 1995–96. Montevideo: Instituto del Tercer Mundo. p. 443. ISBN 978-0-85598-291-1.
  17. ^ Baroud, Ramzy (2004). Kogan Page (ed.). Middle East Review (27th ed.). London: Kogan Page. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-7494-4066-4.
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference GA43177 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference :17 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ a b "The British Army in Palestine | National Army Museum". nam.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  21. ^ Tahhan, Zena Al (29 October 2017). "More than a century on: The Balfour Declaration explained". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  22. ^ Nation, United. "Resolution 181 (II). Future government of Palestine". Archived from the original on 10 October 2017.
  23. ^ "The Partition of Palestine: Decision Crossroads in the Zionist Movement – Itzhak Galnoor, Yi???q Gal-Nûr – Google Books". web.archive.org. 5 October 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  24. ^ Gelber, Y. Palestine, 1948. pp. 177–78
  25. ^ "Membership of the State of Palestine in international organizations (as of 25 May 2018)". MOFAE. Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  26. ^ "Security Council Fails to Recommend Full United Nations Membership for State of Palestine, Owing to Veto Cast by United States | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases". United Nations. Archived from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  27. ^ "UN assembly approves resolution granting Palestine new rights and reviving its UN membership bid". Associated Press. 10 May 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  28. ^ Borger, Julian (18 April 2024). "US vetoes Palestinian request for full UN membership". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 June 2024.


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