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| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | |
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| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates on MacConkey agar | |
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| Species: | S. maltophilia
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| Binomial name | |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Palleroni & Bradbury 1993
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Pseudomonas maltophilia (ex Hugh and Ryschenkow 1961) Hugh 1981 | |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacterium. It is an uncommon bacterium and human infection is difficult to treat.[1] Initially classified as Bacterium bookeri,[2] then renamed Pseudomonas maltophilia, S. maltophilia was also grouped in the genus Xanthomonas before eventually becoming the type species of the genus Stenotrophomonas in 1993.[3][4]
S. maltophilia is slightly smaller (0.7–1.8 × 0.4–0.7 μm) than other members of the genus. They are motile due to polar flagella, and grow well on MacConkey agar producing pigmented colonies. S. maltophilia is catalase-positive, oxidase-negative (which distinguishes it from most other members of the genus) and has a positive reaction for extracellular DNase.[citation needed]
S. maltophilia is ubiquitous in aqueous environments, soil, and plants; it has also been used in biotechnology applications.[5] In immunocompromised patients, S. maltophilia can lead to nosocomial infections. It is also an emerging nosocomial pathogen associated with opportunistic infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, cancer, and HIV/AIDS. Adherence of this organism to abiotic surfaces such as medical implants and catheters represents a major risk for hospitalized patients.[6]
- ^ Gilligan PH, Lum G, VanDamme PAR, Whittier S (2003). Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, et al. (eds.). Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Ralstonia, Brevundimonas, Comamonas, Delftia, Pandoraea, and Acidivorax. In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology (8th ed.). ASM Press, Washington, DC. pp. 729–748. ISBN 978-1-55581-255-3.
- ^ Chang YT, Lin CY, Chen YH, Hsueh PR (2015-01-01). "Update on infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with particular attention to resistance mechanisms and therapeutic options". Frontiers in Microbiology. 6: 893. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00893. PMC 4557615. PMID 26388847.
- ^ Denton M, Kerr KG (January 1998). "Microbiological and clinical aspects of infection associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 11 (1): 57–80. doi:10.1128/CMR.11.1.57. PMC 121376. PMID 9457429.
- ^ Palleroni NJ, Bradbury JF (July 1993). "Stenotrophomonas, a new bacterial genus for Xanthomonas maltophilia (Hugh 1980) Swings et al. 1983". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 43 (3): 606–9. doi:10.1099/00207713-43-3-606. PMID 8347518.
- ^ Berg G, Roskot N, Smalla K (November 1999). "Genotypic and phenotypic relationships between clinical and environmental isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 37 (11): 3594–600. doi:10.1128/JCM.37.11.3594-3600.1999. PMC 85701. PMID 10523559.
- ^ de Oliveira-Garcia D, Dall'Agnol M, Rosales M, Azzuz AC, Martinez MB, Girón JA (September 2002). "Characterization of flagella produced by clinical strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 8 (9): 918–23. doi:10.3201/eid0809.010535. PMC 2732543. PMID 12194767.
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