Stimulant psychosis

Stimulant psychosis
Stimulant psychosis
Other names	Stimulant-induced psychotic disorder
Specialty	Psychiatry, addiction psychiatry

Stimulant psychosis is a mental disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms (such as hallucinations, paranoid ideation, delusions, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized behaviour). It involves and typically occurs following an overdose or several day binge on psychostimulants;^[1] however, one study reported occurrences at regularly prescribed doses in approximately 0.1% of individuals within the first several weeks after starting amphetamine or methylphenidate therapy.^[2]^[3]^[4] Methamphetamine psychosis, or long-term effects of stimulant use in the brain (at the molecular level), depend upon genetics and may persist for some time.^[5]

The most common causative agents are substituted amphetamines, including substituted cathinones, as well as certain dopamine reuptake inhibitors such as cocaine and phenidates.

^ ^a ^b "ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics: 6C46.6 Stimulant-induced psychotic disorder including amphetamines, methamphetamine or methcathinone". who.int. World Health Organization. 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
^ "Adderall XR Prescribing Information" (PDF). FDA.gov. US Food and Drug Administration. December 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013. Treatment-emergent psychotic or manic symptoms, e.g. hallucinations, delusional thinking, or mania in children and adolescents without prior history of psychotic illness or mania can be caused by stimulants at usual doses. ... In a pooled analysis of multiple short-term, placebo controlled studies, such symptoms occurred in about 0.1% (4 patients with events out of 3482 exposed to methylphenidate or amphetamine for several weeks at usual doses) of stimulant-treated patients compared to 0 in placebo-treated patients.
^ Shoptaw SJ, Kao U, Ling W (21 January 2009). "Treatment for amphetamine psychosis". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009 (1): CD003026. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3. PMC 7004251. PMID 19160215.
^ Mosholder AD, Gelperin K, Hammad TA, Phelan K, Johann-Liang R (February 2009). "Hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms associated with the use of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drugs in children". Pediatrics. 123 (2): 611–616. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0185. PMID 19171629. S2CID 22391693.
^ Greening DW, Notaras M, Chen M, Xu R, Smith JD, Cheng L, et al. (10 December 2019). "Chronic methamphetamine interacts with BDNF Val66Met to remodel psychosis pathways in the mesocorticolimbic proteome". Molecular Psychiatry. 26 (8): 4431–4447. doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0617-8. PMID 31822818. S2CID 209169489.

[ICD-11-web-1] "ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics: 6C46.6 Stimulant-induced psychotic disorder including amphetamines, methamphetamine or methcathinone". who.int. World Health Organization. 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2019.

[Adderall_XR_.1%-2] "Adderall XR Prescribing Information" (PDF). FDA.gov. US Food and Drug Administration. December 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013. Treatment-emergent psychotic or manic symptoms, e.g. hallucinations, delusional thinking, or mania in children and adolescents without prior history of psychotic illness or mania can be caused by stimulants at usual doses. ... In a pooled analysis of multiple short-term, placebo controlled studies, such symptoms occurred in about 0.1% (4 patients with events out of 3482 exposed to methylphenidate or amphetamine for several weeks at usual doses) of stimulant-treated patients compared to 0 in placebo-treated patients.

[Cochrane_recreational_amph_psychosis-3] Shoptaw SJ, Kao U, Ling W (21 January 2009). "Treatment for amphetamine psychosis". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009 (1): CD003026. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3. PMC 7004251. PMID 19160215.

[pmid19171629-4] Mosholder AD, Gelperin K, Hammad TA, Phelan K, Johann-Liang R (February 2009). "Hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms associated with the use of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drugs in children". Pediatrics. 123 (2): 611–616. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0185. PMID 19171629. S2CID 22391693.

[5] Greening DW, Notaras M, Chen M, Xu R, Smith JD, Cheng L, et al. (10 December 2019). "Chronic methamphetamine interacts with BDNF Val66Met to remodel psychosis pathways in the mesocorticolimbic proteome". Molecular Psychiatry. 26 (8): 4431–4447. doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0617-8. PMID 31822818. S2CID 209169489.

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Stimulant psychosis
Other names	Stimulant-induced psychotic disorder^[1]
Specialty	Psychiatry, addiction psychiatry