Sudan I (also known as CI Solvent Yellow 14 or Solvent Orange R)[1] is an organic compound, typically classified as an azo dye.[2] It is an orange-red solid that is added to colorize waxes, oils, petrol, solvents, and polishes. Historically, Sudan I serves as a food coloring agent, especially for curry powder and chili powder. Owing to its classification as a category 3 carcinogenic hazard by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (not classifiable due to its carcinogenicity to humans),[3] Sudan I, along with its derivatives Sudan III and Sudan IV, have been banned in many countries including the United States and European Union.[4][5][6] Nevertheless, Sudan I remains valuable as a coloring reagent for non-food-related uses, such as in the formulation of orange-colored smoke.
^Refat NA, Ibrahim ZS, Moustafa GG, et al. (2008). "The induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 by sudan dyes". J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 22 (2): 77–84. doi:10.1002/jbt.20220. PMID18418879. S2CID206010951.