Sumidero Canyon

Cañón del Sumidero National Park
Parque Nacional Cañón del Sumidero
IUCN category II (national park)
View of Sumidero Canyon, which is represented on the Chiapas state seal
Location	Chiapas, Mexico
Nearest city	Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas
Coordinates	16°49′54″N 93°05′38″W / 16.83167°N 93.09389°W / 16.83167; -93.09389
Area	21,789 ha (84.13 sq mi)
Established	December 8, 1980[1]
Governing body	Comisión Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas and Secretaría de Educación Pública
Ramsar Wetland
Official name	Parque Nacional Cañón del Sumidero
Designated	2 February 2004
Reference no.	1344[2]

Sumidero Canyon (Spanish: Cañón del Sumidero) is a deep natural canyon located just north of the city of Chiapa de Corzo in the state of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. The canyon's creation began around the same time as the Grand Canyon in the U.S. state of Arizona, by a crack in the area's crust and subsequent erosion by the Grijalva River, which still runs through it. Sumidero Canyon has vertical walls which reach as high as 1,000 metres (3,300 ft), with the river turning up to 90 degrees during the 13-kilometre (8 mi) length of the narrow passage.

The canyon is surrounded by the Sumidero Canyon National Park, a federally protected natural area of Mexico which extends for 21,789 hectares (53,840 acres) over four municipalities of the state of Chiapas. This park is administered by the National Commission of Protected Natural Areas (CONANP). Most of the vegetation in the park is low- to medium-height deciduous rainforest, with small areas of mixed pine-oak forest and grassland. At the north end of the canyon is the Chicoasén Dam and its artificial reservoir, one of several on the Grijalva River, which is important for water storage and the generation of hydroelectric power in the region.

The canyon and national park is the second most important tourist site in Chiapas, drawing mostly Mexican visitors who see the canyon from boats which embark on the river from Chiapa de Corzo. The park borders Tuxtla Gutiérrez, the state's largest city, which has caused problems with human encroachment and settlement on park land. More importantly, the urban areas and logging industries upstream from the canyon have caused serious pollution problems, with up to 5000 tons of solid waste extracted from the Grijalva River each year. This waste tends to build up in the canyon because of its narrowness, the convergence of water flows and the presence of the Chicoasén Dam.