Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectrum of liquid 2-mercaptoethanol (below) and SERS spectrum of 2-mercaptoethanol monolayer formed on roughened silver (above). Spectra are scaled and shifted for clarity. A difference in selection rules is visible: Some bands appear only in the bulk-phase Raman spectrum or only in the SERS spectrum.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy or surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a surface-sensitive technique that enhances Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on rough metal surfaces or by nanostructures such as plasmonic-magnetic silica nanotubes.^[1] The enhancement factor can be as much as 10¹⁰ to 10¹¹,^[2]^[3] which means the technique may detect single molecules.^[4]^[5]

^ Xu, X., Li, H., Hasan, D., Ruoff, R. S., Wang, A. X. and Fan, D. L. (2013), Near-Field Enhanced Plasmonic-Magnetic Bifunctional Nanotubes for Single Cell Bioanalysis. Adv. Funct. Mater.. doi:10.1002/adfm.201203822
^ Blackie, Evan J.; Le Ru, Eric C.; Etchegoin, Pablo G. (2009). "Single-Molecule Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Nonresonant Molecules". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (40): 14466–14472. Bibcode:2009JAChS.13114466B. doi:10.1021/ja905319w. PMID 19807188.
^ Blackie, Evan J.; Le Ru, Eric C.; Meyer, Matthias; Etchegoin, Pablo G. (2007). "Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Enhancement Factors: A Comprehensive Study". J. Phys. Chem. C. 111 (37): 13794–13803. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.556.4418. doi:10.1021/jp0687908.
^ Nie, S; Emory, SR (1997). "Probing Single Molecules and Single Nanoparticles by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering". Science. 275 (5303): 1102–6. doi:10.1126/science.275.5303.1102. PMID 9027306. S2CID 21202666.
^ Kneipp, Katrin; Wang, Yang; Kneipp, Harald; Perelman, Lev T.; Itzkan, Irving; Dasari, Ramachandra R.; Feld, Michael S. (3 March 1997). "Single Molecule Detection Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)". Physical Review Letters. 78 (9): 1667–1670. Bibcode:1997PhRvL..78.1667K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1667.

[1] Xu, X., Li, H., Hasan, D., Ruoff, R. S., Wang, A. X. and Fan, D. L. (2013), Near-Field Enhanced Plasmonic-Magnetic Bifunctional Nanotubes for Single Cell Bioanalysis. Adv. Funct. Mater.. doi:10.1002/adfm.201203822

[2] Blackie, Evan J.; Le Ru, Eric C.; Etchegoin, Pablo G. (2009). "Single-Molecule Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Nonresonant Molecules". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (40): 14466–14472. Bibcode:2009JAChS.13114466B. doi:10.1021/ja905319w. PMID 19807188.

[3] Blackie, Evan J.; Le Ru, Eric C.; Meyer, Matthias; Etchegoin, Pablo G. (2007). "Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Enhancement Factors: A Comprehensive Study". J. Phys. Chem. C. 111 (37): 13794–13803. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.556.4418. doi:10.1021/jp0687908.

[4] Nie, S; Emory, SR (1997). "Probing Single Molecules and Single Nanoparticles by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering". Science. 275 (5303): 1102–6. doi:10.1126/science.275.5303.1102. PMID 9027306. S2CID 21202666.

[5] Kneipp, Katrin; Wang, Yang; Kneipp, Harald; Perelman, Lev T.; Itzkan, Irving; Dasari, Ramachandra R.; Feld, Michael S. (3 March 1997). "Single Molecule Detection Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)". Physical Review Letters. 78 (9): 1667–1670. Bibcode:1997PhRvL..78.1667K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1667.

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