Synaptic vesicle

Synaptic vesicle
Synaptic vesicle
	Neuron A (transmitting) to neuron B (receiving).; 1. Mitochondrion;; 2. Synaptic vesicle with neurotransmitters;; 3. Autoreceptor; 4. Synapse with neurotransmitter released (serotonin);; 5. Postsynaptic receptors activated by neurotransmitter (induction of a postsynaptic potential);; 6. Calcium channel;; 7. Exocytosis of a vesicle;; 8. Recaptured neurotransmitter.
Details
System	Nervous system
Identifiers
Latin	vesicula synaptica
MeSH	D013572
TH	H2.00.06.2.00004
	Anatomical terms of microanatomy

In a neuron, synaptic vesicles (or neurotransmitter vesicles) store various neurotransmitters that are released at the synapse. The release is regulated by a voltage-dependent calcium channel. Vesicles are essential for propagating nerve impulses between neurons and are constantly recreated by the cell. The area in the axon that holds groups of vesicles is an axon terminal or "terminal bouton". Up to 130 vesicles can be released per bouton over a ten-minute period of stimulation at 0.2 Hz.^[1] In the visual cortex of the human brain, synaptic vesicles have an average diameter of 39.5 nanometers (nm) with a standard deviation of 5.1 nm.^[2]

^ Ikeda, K; Bekkers, JM (2009). "Counting the number of releasable synaptic vesicles in a presynaptic terminal". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106 (8): 2945–50. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.2945I. doi:10.1073/pnas.0811017106. PMC 2650301. PMID 19202060.
^ Qu, Lei; Akbergenova, Yulia; Hu, Yunming; Schikorski, Thomas (March 2009). "Synapse-to-synapse variation in mean synaptic vesicle size and its relationship with synaptic morphology and function". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 514 (4): 343–352. doi:10.1002/cne.22007. PMID 19330815. S2CID 23965024. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05.

[count09-1] Ikeda, K; Bekkers, JM (2009). "Counting the number of releasable synaptic vesicles in a presynaptic terminal". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106 (8): 2945–50. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.2945I. doi:10.1073/pnas.0811017106. PMC 2650301. PMID 19202060.

[Qu_2009-2] Qu, Lei; Akbergenova, Yulia; Hu, Yunming; Schikorski, Thomas (March 2009). "Synapse-to-synapse variation in mean synaptic vesicle size and its relationship with synaptic morphology and function". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 514 (4): 343–352. doi:10.1002/cne.22007. PMID 19330815. S2CID 23965024. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05.

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