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| Tanit | |
|---|---|
Goddess of civilized life | |
 Carthagenian coin depicting the face of Tanit on the front, and her symbols the horse and the date palm tree in the opposite side. | |
| Other names | Thinnith, Tannit, Tinnit, Tinnith |
| Abode | In the heavens with Baal Hammon |
| Animals | horse, Lion, Dove |
| Symbol | Aegis, spear, armor, chariot |
| Tree | Olive tree, Dates Tree |
| Gender | female |
| Region | North Africa: Carthage, Numidia, Libya |
| Genealogy | |
| Avatar birth | Lake Tritonis |
| Parents | Atlas, Triton |
| Siblings | Pallas |
| Consort | Baal Hammon |
| Equivalents | |
| Canaanite | Anat[1] |
| Roman | Minerva |
| Egyptian | Neith |
| Greek | Athena[2] |
| Deities of Ancient Libya |
|---|
Tanit or Tinnit (Punic: 𐤕𐤍𐤕 Tīnnīt[3]) was a chief deity of Ancient Carthage; she derives from a local Berber deity and the consort of Baal Hammon.[a][5][6] As Ammon is a local Libyan deity,[7] so is Tannit, who represents the matriarchal aspect of Numidian society,[2] whom the Egyptians identify as Neith and the Greeks identify as Athena.[8][b][c][2] She was the goddess of wisdom, civilization and the crafts; she is the defender of towns and homes where she is worshipped. Ancient North Africans used to put her sign on tombstones and homes to ask for protection[9][10] her main temples in Thinissut (Bir Bouregba, Tunisia), Cirta (Constantine, Algeria), Lambaesis (Batna, Algeria) and Theveste (Tebessa, Algeria).[11][9][10] She had a yearly festival in Antiquity[d] which persists to this day in many parts of North Africa but was banned by Muammar Gaddafi in Libya, who called it a pagan festival.
Tannit was also a goddess of rain, in modern-day Tunisia, it is customary to invoke Omek Tannou or Oumouk Tangou ('Mother Tannou' or 'Mother Tangou', depending on the region), in years of drought to bring rain[12] Similarly, Algerians and Tunisians refer to "Baali farming" to mean non-irrigated agriculture.[13]
- ^ Richard J. Clifford (August 1990). "Phoenician Religion". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (279): 62. doi:10.2307/1357208. JSTOR 1357208.
- ^ a b c Camps, G. (1989-01-01). "Athéna". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (7): 1011–1013. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1211. ISSN 1015-7344.
- ^ Friedrich, Johannes (1957). "Punische Studien". Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. 107 (n.F. 32) (2): 282-298: p. 283, 285–286. JSTOR 43369103. Retrieved 19 December 2022. (JStor)
- ^ Camps, G. (1986-09-01). "Ammon". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (4): 596–599. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2477. ISSN 1015-7344.
- ^ Miles, Richard (2011). Carthage Must Be Destroyed: The Rise and Fall of an Ancient Civilization. Penguin. p. 68.
- ^ The standard survey is: Hvidberg-Hansen, F. O. (1982). La déesse TNT: Une Etude sur la réligion canaanéo-punique (in French). Copenhagen: Gad.. An extensive critical review by G. W. Ahlström appeared in Journal of Near Eastern Studies 45(4), October 1986, pp. 311–314.
- ^ Livius. "Ammon (Deity)". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
- ^ "Pausanias and His Description of Greece", Pausanias and Other Greek Sketches, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–159, 2012-06-28, doi:10.1017/cbo9781139207669.002, ISBN 978-1-108-04751-7, retrieved 2024-08-04
- ^ a b Camps, G.; Longerstay, M. (2000-01-01). "Haouanet". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (22): 3361–3387. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1697. ISSN 1015-7344.
- ^ a b Le Glay, M. (1992-09-01). "Caelistis". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (11): 1696–1698. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1896. ISSN 1015-7344.
- ^ Bertrandy, S. (1994-02-01). "Cirta". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (13): 1964–1977. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2289. ISSN 1015-7344.
Durant la période d'indépendance de la monarchie numide, Cirta a abrité un sanctuaire très important consacré au culte de Ba'al Hammon et de sa parèdre Tanit
- ^ Rezgui, Sadok (1989). Les chants tunisiens (in French). Tunis: Maison tunisienne de l'édition.
- ^ Ottavo contributo alla storia degli studi classici e del mondo antico Arnaldo Momigliano - 1987 p240.
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