Tehuelche people

Tehuelche

Mulato, a Tehuelche Chief
Total population
Total: 40,836 • Araucanized: 23,416 • Not araucanized: 17,420
Regions with significant populations
Argentina	40,836 (2022)[1]
Languages
Tehuelche Spanish
Religion
Animism · Catholicism
Related ethnic groups
Puelche · Haush · Selk'nam · Teushen

The Tehuelche people, also called the Aónikenk, are an Indigenous people from eastern Patagonia in South America. In the 18th and 19th centuries the Tehuelche were influenced by Mapuche people, and many adopted a horseriding lifestyle. Once a nomadic people, the lands of the Tehuelche were colonized in the 19th century by Argentina and Chile, gradually disrupting their traditional economies. The establishment of large sheep farming estates in Patagonia was particularly detrimental to the Tehuelche.^[2] Contact with outsiders also brought in infectious diseases ushering deadly epidemics among Tehuelche tribes. Most existing members of the group currently reside in cities and towns of Argentine Patagonia.

The name "Tehuelche complex" has been used by researchers in a broad sense to group together indigenous peoples from Patagonia and the Pampas. Several specialists, missionaries and travelers have proposed grouping them together on account of the similarities in their cultural traits, geographic vicinity and languages, even though the languages they spoke amongst themselves were not related to each other and their geographic distributions were extensive.^[3]