Tel al-Zaatar massacre

Tel al-Zaatar massacre
Tel al-Zaatar massacre
Part of the Lebanese Civil War
	The destroyed camp (from the ICRC archives)
Location	Tel al-Zaatar camp, Dekwaneh, Beirut
Date	4 January – 12 August 1976
Target	Palestinian refugees
Attack type	Massacre
Deaths	3,000 Palestinians killed
Perpetrators	Lebanese Front Tigers Militia; Kataeb Party; Lebanese Youth Movement; Guardians of the Cedars; Al-Tanzim;
Motive	Anti-Palestinian sentiment

The Tel al-Zaatar massacre was an attack on Tel al-Zaatar (meaning Hill of Thyme in Arabic), a UNRWA-administered refugee camp housing Palestinian refugees in northeastern Beirut, that ended on August 12, 1976 with the massacre of 1,500^[2]^[3]^[4] to 3,000 people.^[5] The siege began in January of 1976 with an attack by Christian Lebanese militias led by the Lebanese Front as part of a wider campaign to expel Palestinians, especially those affiliated with the opposing Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from northern Beirut.^[6] After five months, the siege turned into a full-scale military assault in June and ended with the massacre in August 1976. ^[7]

^ Price, Daniel E. (1999). Islamic Political Culture, Democracy, and Human Rights: A Comparative Study. Greenwood Publishing Company, ISBN 978-0275961879, p. 68.
^ Lisa Suhair Majaj, Paula W. Sunderman, and Therese Saliba Intersections Syracuse University Press ISBN 0815629516 p. 156
^ Samir Khalaf, Philip Shukry Khoury (1993) Recovering Beirut: Urban Design and Post-war Reconstruction, Brill, ISBN 9004099115 p. 253
^ Younis, Mona (2000) Liberation and Democratization: The South African and Palestinian National Movements University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 0816633002 p. 221
^ Cite error: The named reference :65 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ United States Army Human Engineering Laboratory (June 1979). Military Operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas, 1975–1978 (PDF). Technical Memorandum 11–79 (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 1, 2014.
^ Khoury, Elias (2012). "Rethinking The Nakba". Critical Inquiry. 38 (2): 250–266. doi:10.1086/662741. S2CID 162316338.

[price-1] Price, Daniel E. (1999). Islamic Political Culture, Democracy, and Human Rights: A Comparative Study. Greenwood Publishing Company, ISBN 978-0275961879, p. 68.

[:0-2] Lisa Suhair Majaj, Paula W. Sunderman, and Therese Saliba Intersections Syracuse University Press ISBN 0815629516 p. 156

[:1-3] Samir Khalaf, Philip Shukry Khoury (1993) Recovering Beirut: Urban Design and Post-war Reconstruction, Brill, ISBN 9004099115 p. 253

[:2-4] Younis, Mona (2000) Liberation and Democratization: The South African and Palestinian National Movements University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 0816633002 p. 221

[:65-5] Cite error: The named reference :65 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Lebanon2-6] United States Army Human Engineering Laboratory (June 1979). Military Operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas, 1975–1978 (PDF). Technical Memorandum 11–79 (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 1, 2014.

[7] Khoury, Elias (2012). "Rethinking The Nakba". Critical Inquiry. 38 (2): 250–266. doi:10.1086/662741. S2CID 162316338.

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