The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art

The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art
A page of The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art (1820 edition)
Traditional Chinese	九章算術
Simplified Chinese	九章算术
Literal meaning	nine chapters on arithmetic
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Jiǔ Zhāng Suànshù Wade–Giles Chiu3 Chang1 Suan4-shu4 Middle Chinese Middle Chinese /kɨuX t͡ɕɨɐŋ suɑnX ʑiuɪt̚/ Old Chinese Zhengzhang /kuʔ kjaŋ sloːnʔ ɦljud/

The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art is a Chinese mathematics book, composed by several generations of scholars from the 10th–2nd century BCE, its latest stage being from the 2nd century CE. This book is one of the earliest surviving mathematical texts from China, the first being the Suan shu shu (202 BCE – 186 BCE) and Zhoubi Suanjing (compiled throughout the Han until the late 2nd century CE). It lays out an approach to mathematics that centres on finding the most general methods of solving problems, which may be contrasted with the approach common to ancient Greek mathematicians, who tended to deduce propositions from an initial set of axioms.

Entries in the book usually take the form of a statement of a problem, followed by the statement of the solution and an explanation of the procedure that led to the solution. These were commented on by Liu Hui in the 3rd century.