Third Fitna

Third Fitna
Part of the early Muslim civil wars and the Qays–Yaman rivalry
The Umayyad Caliphate at its greatest extent c. 740, before the Third Fitna
Date 744–747 Location Syria, Iraq, Persia, Khurasan, Arabia Result Victory of Marwan II and the pro-Qays faction in the inter-Umayyad civil war; Umayyad authority weakened and overthrown in subsequent Abbasid Revolution
Belligerents
pro-Qays Umayyads	pro-Yaman Umayyads	anti-Umayyad rebels: Alids Kharijites Hashimiyya
Commanders and leaders
Al-Walid II  † Marwan II Abu al-Ward Yazid ibn Umar ibn Hubayra Nasr ibn Sayyar	Yazid III Sulayman ibn Hisham Yazid ibn Khalid al-Qasri	Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Shaybani  † Hafs ibn al-Walid ibn Yusuf al-Hadrami Talib al-Haqq  † Juday al-Kirmani  X Abu Muslim

The Third Fitna (Arabic: الفتنة الثاﻟﺜـة, romanized: al-Fitna al-thālitha),^{[note 1]} was a series of civil wars and uprisings against the Umayyad Caliphate. It began with a revolt against Caliph al-Walid II in 744, and lasted until 747, when Marwan II emerged as the victor. The war exacerbated internal tensions, especially the Qays–Yaman rivalry, and the temporary collapse of Umayyad authority opened the way for Kharijite and other anti-Umayyad revolts. The last and most successful of these was the Abbasid Revolution, which began in Khurasan in 747, and ended with the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate and the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate in 750.^[2]

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