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Outline

Iron Age (1500–200 BC)

Vedic Civilisation	(1500–500 BC)
– Janapadas	(1500–600 BC)
– Black and Red ware culture	(1300–1000 BC)
– Painted Grey Ware culture	(1200–600 BC)
– Northern Black Polished Ware	(700–200 BC)
Pradyota dynasty	(799–684 BC)
Haryanka dynasty	(684–424 BC)
Three Crowned Kingdoms	(c. 600 BC – AD 1600)
Maha Janapadas	(c. 600–300 BC)
Achaemenid Empire	(550–330 BC)
Shaishunaga dynasty	(424–345 BC)
Nanda Empire	(380–321 BC)
Macedonian Empire	(330–323 BC)
Maurya Empire	(321–184 BC)
Seleucid India	(312–303 BC)
Sangam period	(c. 300 BC – c. 300 AD)
Pandya Empire	(c. 300 BC – AD 1345)
Chera Kingdom	(c. 300 BC – AD 1102)
Chola Empire	(c. 300 BC – AD 1279)
Pallava Empire	(c. 250 AD – AD 800)
Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire	(c. 250 BC – c. AD 500)
Parthian Empire	(247 BC – AD 224)

Middle Kingdoms (230 BC – AD 1206)

Satavahana Empire	(230 BC – AD 220)
Kuninda Kingdom	(200 BC – AD 300)
Mitra Dynasty	(c. 150 – c. 50 BC)
Shunga Empire	(185–73 BC)
Indo-Greek Kingdom	(180 BC – AD 10)
Kanva Empire	(75–26 BC)
Indo-Scythian Kingdom	(50 BC – AD 400)
Indo-Parthian Kingdom	(AD 21 – c. 130)
Western Satrap Empire	(AD 35–405 )
Kushan Empire	(AD 60–240)
Bharshiva Dynasty	(170–350)
Nagas of Padmavati	(210–340)
Sasanian Empire	(224–651)
Indo-Sassanid Kingdom	(230–360)
Vakataka Empire	(c. 250 – c. 500)
Kalabhras Empire	(c. 250 – c. 600)
Gupta Empire	(280–550)
Kadamba Empire	(345–525)
Western Ganga Kingdom	(350–1000)
Kamarupa Kingdom	(350–1100)
Vishnukundina Empire	(420–624)
Maitraka Empire	(475–767)
Huna Kingdom	(475–576)
Rai Kingdom	(489–632)
Kabul Shahi Empire	(c. 500 – 1026)
Chalukya Empire	(543–753)
Maukhari Empire	(c. 550 – c. 700)
Harsha Empire	(606–647)
Tibetan Empire	(618–841)
Eastern Chalukya Kingdom	(624–1075)
Rashidun Caliphate	(632–661)
Gurjara-Pratihara Empire	(650–1036)
Umayyad Caliphate	(661–750)
Mallabhum kingdom	(694–1947)
Bhauma-Kara Kingdom	(736–916)
Pala Empire	(750–1174)
Rashtrakuta Empire	(753–982)
Paramara Kingdom	(800–1327)
Yadava Empire	(850–1334)
Somavamshi Kingdom	(882–1110)
Chaulukya Kingdom	(942–1244)
Western Chalukya Empire	(973–1189)
Lohara Kingdom	(1003–1320)
Hoysala Empire	(1040–1347)
Sena Empire	(1070–1230)
Eastern Ganga Empire	(1078–1434)
Kakatiya Kingdom	(1083–1323)
Zamorin Kingdom	(1102–1766)
Kalachuris of Tripuri	(675–1210)
Kalachuris of Kalyani	(1156–1184)
Chutiya Kingdom	(1187–1673)
Deva Kingdom	(c. 1200 – c. 1300)

Late medieval period (1206–1526)

Ghaznavid Dynasty	(977–1186)
Ghurid Dynasty	(1170–1206)
Delhi Sultanate	(1206–1526)
– Mamluk Sultanate	(1206–1290)
– Khalji Sultanate	(1290–1320)
– Tughlaq Sultanate	(1320–1414)
– Sayyid Sultanate	(1414–1451)
– Lodi Sultanate	(1451–1526)
Ahom Kingdom	(1228–1826)
Chitradurga Kingdom	(1300–1779)
Reddy Kingdom	(1325–1448)
Vijayanagara Empire	(1336–1646)
Bengal Sultanate	(1352–1576)
Garhwal Kingdom	(1358–1803)
Mysore Kingdom	(1399–1947)
Gajapati Empire	(1434–1541)
Ladakh Kingdom	(1470–1842)
Deccan sultanates	(1490–1596)
– Ahmadnagar Sultanate	(1490–1636)
– Berar sultanate	(1490–1574)
– Bidar Sultanate	(1492–1619)
– Bijapur Sultanate	(1492–1686)
– Golkonda Sultanate	(1518–1687)
Keladi Kingdom	(1499–1763)
Koch Kingdom	(1515–1947)

The Three Crowned Kings,^[a] were the triumvirate of Chera, Chola and Pandya who dominated the politics of the ancient Tamil country, Tamilakam, from their three Nadu (countries) of Chola Nadu, Pandya Nadu (present day Madurai and Tirunelveli) and Chera Nadu (present day Kerala and some parts of Tamil Nadu) in southern India.^[3] They signalled a time of integration and political identity for the Tamil people.^[4]^{[full citation needed]} They frequently waged war against one another under a period of instability^[5] and between each other, held control over Greater Tamilakam from 6th century BCE to the 13th century. After being defeated by the Pandyas, the Cholas fled to Devicottah and are later mentioned in various texts that participated in wars in the 16th century.

^ A. Kiruṭṭin̲an̲ (2000). Tamil culture: religion, culture, and literature. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan. p. 17.
^ Peter Schalk, A. Veluppillai (2002). Buddhism among Tamils in pre-colonial Tamilakam and Ilam: Prologue. The pre-Pallava and the Pallava period. Uppsala University Library.
^ Subbarayalu, Y. (2014). "Early Tamil Polity". In Karashima, Noburu (ed.). A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 53–54.
^ Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 1997.
^ Pollock, Sheldon (2003). reconstructions from South Asia. University of California Press. p. 298.

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