Tipu Sultan

Tipu Sultan
Badshah Nasib-ud-Daulah Mir Fateh Ali Bahadur Tipu
Portrait of Tipu Sultan, from Mysore (c. 1790–1800).
Sultan of Mysore
Reign	10 December 1782 – 4 May 1799
Coronation	29 December 1782
Predecessor	Hyder Ali
Successor	Krishnaraja III (as Maharaja of Mysore)
Born	Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu (1751-12-01)1 December 1751 Devanahalli, Kingdom of Mysore (modern-day Karnataka, India)
Died	4 May 1799(1799-05-04) (aged 47) Srirangapatna, Sultanate of Mysore (modern-day Karnataka, India)
Burial	Srirangapatna, present-day Mandya, Karnataka 12°24′36″N 76°42′50″E / 12.41000°N 76.71389°E / 12.41000; 76.71389
Spouse	Sultan Begum Sahib ​ (m. 1774)​ Ruqaya Banu Begum ​ (m. 1774)​ Khadija Zaman Begum ​ ​ (m. 1796; died 1797)​ Buranti Begum Roshani Begum
Issue	Shezada Hyder Ali, Ghulam Muhammad Sultan Sahib and many others
Names Badshah Nasib-ud-Daulah Sultan Mir Fateh Ali Bahadur Saheb Tipu
House	Mysore
Father	Hyder Ali
Mother	Fatima Fakhr-un-Nisa
Religion	Shia Islam[1]
Seal
Tipu Sultan Battles/wars Second Anglo-Mysore War Battle of Annagudi Maratha-Mysore War Battle of Moti Talab Siege of Nargund Siege of Adoni Battle of Savanur Mysorean invasion of Malabar Siege of Bednore Battle of Nedumkotta Third Anglo-Mysore War Fourth Anglo-Mysore War Siege of Seringapatam (1799) Siege of Bahadur Benda

Tipu Sultan (Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu; 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799), commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore",^[2][3] was the Indian Muslim ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India.^[4] He was a pioneer of rocket artillery.^[5][6][7] He expanded the iron-cased Mysorean rockets and commissioned the military manual Fathul Mujahidin. He deployed the rockets against advances of British forces and their allies during the Anglo-Mysore Wars, including the Battle of Pollilur and Siege of Srirangapatna.^[8]

Tipu Sultan and his father Hyder Ali used their French-trained army in alliance with the French in their struggle with the British,^[9] and in Mysore's struggles with other surrounding powers: against the Marathas, Sira, and rulers of Malabar, Kodagu, Bednore, Carnatic, and Travancore. Tipu became the ruler of Mysore upon his father's death from cancer in 1782 during the Second Anglo-Mysore War. He negotiated with the British in 1784 with the Treaty of Mangalore which ended the war in status quo ante bellum.

Tipu's conflicts with his neighbours included the Maratha–Mysore War, which ended with the signing of the Treaty of Gajendragad.^[10]

Tipu remained an enemy of the British East India Company. He initiated an attack on British-allied Travancore in 1789. In the Third Anglo-Mysore War, he was forced into the Treaty of Seringapatam, losing a number of previously conquered territories, including Malabar and Mangalore. In the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, a combined force of British East India Company troops supported by the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad defeated Tipu. He was killed on 4 May 1799 while defending his stronghold of Seringapatam.

Tipu also introduced administrative innovations during his rule, including a new coinage system and calendar,^[11] and a new land revenue system, which initiated the growth of the Mysore silk industry.^[12] He is known for his patronage to Channapatna toys^[13].