Tou Yuan

Tou Yuan Kingdom 陀洹/陁洹 (Chinese) Tuó yuán
Early 7th century – 647
Proposed locations of ancient kingdoms in Menam and Mekong Valleys in the 7th century based on the details provided in the Chinese leishu, Cefu Yuangui, and others.
Historical era	Post-classical era
• Formation	Early 7th century
• First sent tribute to China	644
• Annexed to Dvaravati	647
Preceded by Succeeded by Funan Dvaravati
Today part of	Thailand

Tou Yuan or Tuó Huán (Chinese: 陁洹国、 陀洹国) or Zhēn Tuó Huán (真陀洹、真陁洹) or Nòu Tuó Huán (耨陀洹) or Rù Tuó Huán (褥陀洹)^{[1]: 305–6} was a short-lived ancient Mon political entity that existed on the coast near the present Chanthaburi in Thailand or Tanintharyi Coast in southern Myanmar.^[1]: 267 It was formed following the fall of Funan in the early 7th century and was later annexed to Dvaravati in 647.^[1]: 269

It was the Mon's settlements,^[2]: 90 bordered Dvaravati to the southeast.^[1]: 267 Record of the Sui dynasty, which ruled China in 581–618 CE, says Tou Yuan fought many wars against Zhenla, who, at the same time, also had a conflict with Línyì to the northeast.^[3][4] In contrast, Zhenla established peace relations via royal intermarriage with two other neighbors, Zhū Jiāng (which is identified as Dvaravati^[5]) and Cān Bàn.^[3] However, Cān Bàn later became Zhenla's vassal.^{[6]: 27, 35}