Treaty of Jaffa (1192)

The Treaty of Jaffa, more seldom referred to as the Treaty of Ramla^[1]^[2]^[3] or the treaty of 1192,^[4] was a truce agreed to during the Crusades. It was signed on 1^[1] or 2 September 1192 A.D. (20th of Sha'ban 588 AH) between the Muslim ruler Saladin and Richard the Lionheart, King of England, shortly after the July–August 1192 Battle of Jaffa. The treaty, negotiated with the help of Balian of Ibelin, guaranteed a three-year truce between the two armies. This treaty ended the Third Crusade.

^ ^a ^b El-Sayed, Ali Ahmed Mohamed (2017). Islamic Awqaf related to Peace-Building Among Nations: Tamim Al-Dari Hospice as a Model. Relations between East and West: Various Studies: Medieval and Contemporary Ages. Cairo: Dar al-Kitab al-Gamey. pp. 45–74 [60]. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
^ Stark, Rodney (2009). God's Battalions: The Case for the Crusades (PDF) (digital ed.). Harper Collins e-books. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-06-194298-3. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
^ Lane-Poole, Stanley (1901). A History of Egypt in the Middle Ages. Vol. VI, The Middle Ages. London: Methuen & Co. p. 213. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
^ Amitai, Reuven (July 2017). Conermann, Stephan; Walker, Bethany (eds.). "The Development of a Muslim City in Palestine: Gaza under the Mamluks" (PDF). ASK Working Paper 28. Bonn: University of Bonn, Annemarie Schimmel Kolleg: History and Society during the Mamluk Era (1250–1517): 5. ISSN 2193-925X. Retrieved 22 June 2020.

[Sayed-1] El-Sayed, Ali Ahmed Mohamed (2017). Islamic Awqaf related to Peace-Building Among Nations: Tamim Al-Dari Hospice as a Model. Relations between East and West: Various Studies: Medieval and Contemporary Ages. Cairo: Dar al-Kitab al-Gamey. pp. 45–74 [60]. Retrieved 22 June 2020.

[Stark-2] Stark, Rodney (2009). God's Battalions: The Case for the Crusades (PDF) (digital ed.). Harper Collins e-books. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-06-194298-3. Retrieved 22 June 2020.

[Poole-3] Lane-Poole, Stanley (1901). A History of Egypt in the Middle Ages. Vol. VI, The Middle Ages. London: Methuen & Co. p. 213. Retrieved 22 June 2020.

[Amitai-4] Amitai, Reuven (July 2017). Conermann, Stephan; Walker, Bethany (eds.). "The Development of a Muslim City in Palestine: Gaza under the Mamluks" (PDF). ASK Working Paper 28. Bonn: University of Bonn, Annemarie Schimmel Kolleg: History and Society during the Mamluk Era (1250–1517): 5. ISSN 2193-925X. Retrieved 22 June 2020.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]