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Tuberculin

This article is about the antigen. For information about the tuberculin skin test, see Mantoux test.
Tuberculin
Administration of tuberculin
Clinical data
Trade namesAplisol, Mantoux, PPD, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
Routes of
administration		intradermal
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none

Tuberculin, also known as purified protein derivative, is a combination of proteins that are used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.[1] This use is referred to as the tuberculin skin test and is recommended only for those at high risk.[2] Reliable administration of the skin test requires large amounts of training, supervision, and practice. Injection is done into the skin.[2] After 48 to 72 hours, if there is more than a five to ten millimeter area of swelling, the test is considered positive.[2]

Common side effects include redness, itchiness, and pain at the site of injection.[1] Allergic reactions may occasionally occur.[1] The test may be falsely positive in those who have been previously vaccinated with BCG or have been infected by other types of mycobacteria.[2] The test may be falsely negative within ten weeks of infection, in those less than six months old, and in those who have been infected for many years.[2] Use is safe in pregnancy.[2]

Tuberculin was discovered in 1890 by Robert Koch.[3] Koch, best known for his work on the etiology of tuberculosis (TB), laid down various rigorous guidelines that aided the establishment between a pathogen and the specific disease that followed that were later named Koch's postulates.[4] Although he initially believed it would cure tuberculosis, this was later disproved.[3] Tuberculin is made from an extract of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.[1]

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[5]

  1. ^ a b c d "Tuberculin". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Tuberculin Skin Testing". www.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  3. ^ a b Comstock GW (2013). "Tuberculosis". In Evans AS (ed.). Bacterial Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control. Springer. p. 605. ISBN 9781475711400. Archived from the original on 2017-01-09.
  4. ^ Tyagi JS (2006-09-01). "The timeless legacy of Robert Koch". Resonance. 11 (9): 20–28. doi:10.1007/BF02834330. ISSN 0973-712X. S2CID 82004821.
  5. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

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