Tun Sun

Tun Sun/Tian-Sun/ Tu-Kun/Lang-ya-hsiu (頓遜/典遜/都昆/狼牙脩) (เทียนสน/หลังยะสิ่ว)
52 CE[1]–c. 6th century CE
Territory of Tun Sun (1st-6th centuries CE) and the neighbors. Dark Green: Territory before gaining independence from Funan, proposed by Lawrence Palmer Briggs in 1950;[2]: 260  Light Green: As Lang-chia, territory expanded after gaining independence, proposed by George Cœdès in 1924[2]: 269
Capital	Pong Tuk or Nakhon Pathom[3]: 52
Religion	Buddhism Brahmanism[4]: 27, 28
Historical era	Proto-Dvaravati era
• Established	52 CE[1]
• Subdued by Funan	Before 245 CE[4]: 25
• Dependency of Funan	Before 245 – Late 5th century
• Gained Independence and became Lang-chia	Late 5th century[2]: 263
• Sent the first embassy to the Chinese court	515 CE
• Disestablished	c. 6th century CE
Preceded by Succeeded by Mon city-states Dvaravati Pan Pan
Today part of	Thailand Myanmar

Part of a series on the
History of Thailand
Timeline Prehistory Spirit Cave 9000 BCE–5500 BCE Ban Chiang 2,100 BCE–200 CE Initial states Suvarnabhumi Legendary Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE Tun Sun 52 CE–600 CE Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE Lavo 648 CE–1388 CE Ngoenyang 638 CE–1292 CE Haripuñjaya 745 CE–1292 CE Canasapura 790 CE–974 CE Pan Pan 300 CE–700 CE Raktamaritika 200 CE–700 CE Langkasuka 200 CE–1500 CE Srivijaya 671 CE–1025 CE Regional kingdoms Lan Na 1292–1775 Phayao 1094–1338 Nakhon Si Thammarat 1278–1782 Singora 1605–1680 Pattani 1457–1902 Satun 1808–1916 Reman 1810–1902 Main history Sukhothai Kingdom 1238–1438 Ayutthaya Kingdom 1351–1767 Thonburi Kingdom 1767–1782 Rattanakosin Kingdom 1782–present 1782–1932 1932–1973 1973–2001 2001–present
Topics Peopling of Thailand Constitutional Military Economic LGBT Isan Phitsanulok Bangkok
Thailand portal
v t e

Tun Sun (Chinese: 頓遜) or Tian-Sun or Tien-Sun (Chinese: 典遜;^[5]: 32 Thai: เทียนสน^[1]) or Tu-k'un/Tou-k'ouen/Ch'u-tu-k'un (都昆),^[2]: 305 later Lang-chia or Lang-ya-hsiu^{[2]: 262–263} (郎伽/狼牙脩, หลังยะสิ่ว^[6]) was a group of five ancient Mon political entities,^[2]: 259 stretching from present-day lower central Thailand to the Kra Isthmus in southern Thailand and Tanintharyi Region of Myanmar.^{[4]: 25, 27 [5]: 38} It existed from the 1st to 6th centuries CE,^{[4]: 28 [2]: 259} and was said to have stretched from the east to the west coast, controlling a vital branch of long-distance maritime trade between the India Ocean and the South China Sea.^{[3][4][5]: 34} It was also one of the earliest Indianized-states in Southeast Asia.^[4]: 28

Tun Sun remained independent until it was seized and became a vassal of Funan in the 3rd century CE,^{[4]: 20 [2]: 258} at least before 245 CE.^[4]: 25 Tun Sun disappeared from history about the beginning of the 6th century CE,^[2]: 262 when new principalities of Dvaravati emerged in central Thailand.^{[7]: 234 [8]}

The Kingdom of Lang-chia or Lang-ya-hsiu was probably the succeeding state of Tun Sun since its first embassy, sent to China in 515 CE, claimed that the country was founded around 400 years earlier but gained independence at the end of the 5th century. Several scholars speculated that Lang-chia is situated in lower central Thailand, probably the same territory as Tun Sun. Lang-chia additionally sent embassies to China in 523 and 531.^{[2]: 262–263} Cœdès proposed that Lang-ya-hsiu expanded its territory eastward to modern Chanthaburi province in eastern Thailand where it bordered with Chenla.^[2]: 269

Southern Lang-chia later joined Pan Pan in the south,^{[2]: 262–263} while its northern territory became Dvaravati and the colony of Lavo Kingdom after merging with Chin Lin following the decline of Funan in the mid-6th century.^{[2]: 268–270, 281} Previously, Lang-ya-hsiu was expected to be Langkasuka but according to the location provided in the Chinese text written in 636, it would be situated at the modern lower central Thailand.^[6]