Back لقاح التيفوئيد Arabic واکسن حصبه AZB Typhusimpfstoff German Εμβόλια τυφοειδούς πυρετού Greek Vacuna contra la fiebre tifoidea Spanish واکسن حصبه Persian Vaccin contre la typhoïde French Alurar rigakafin typhoid Hausa Hastífusz elleni védőoltás Hungarian Տիֆի վակցինա Armenian

Typhoid vaccine

Not to be confused with typhus vaccine.

Typhoid vaccine
Vaccine description
TargetTyphoid
Clinical data
Trade namesTyphim Vi, Vivotif
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa607028
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B2
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none
UNII
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Typhoid vaccines are vaccines that prevent typhoid fever.[1][2][3] Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). They are about 30 to 70% effective in the first two years, depending on the specific vaccine in question. The Vi-rEPA vaccine has been shown to be efficacious in children.[4]

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends vaccinating all children in areas where the disease is common.[1] Otherwise they recommend vaccinating those at high risk.[1] Vaccination campaigns can also be used to control outbreaks of disease.[1] Depending on the vaccine, additional doses are recommended every three to seven years.[1] In the United States the vaccine is only recommended in those at high risk such as travelers to areas of the world where the disease is common.[5]

The vaccines available as of 2018 are very safe.[1] Minor side effects may occur at the site of injection.[1] The injectable vaccine is safe in people with HIV/AIDS and the oral vaccine can be used as long as symptoms are not present.[1] While it has not been studied during pregnancy, the non-live vaccines are believed to be safe while the live vaccine is not recommended.[1]

The first typhoid vaccines were developed in 1896 by Almroth Edward Wright, Richard Pfeiffer, and Wilhelm Kolle.[6] Due to side-effects newer formulations are recommended as of 2018.[1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7][8]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j World Health Organization (2018). "Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper – March 2018". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 93 (13): 153–172. hdl:10665/272273.
  2. ^ "Summary of the WHO Position Paper on Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper – March 2018" (PDF). origin.who.int. 23 October 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 October 2019.
  3. ^ World Health Organization (2019). "Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper, March 2018 - Recommendations". Vaccine. 37 (2): 214–216. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.022. PMID 29661581. S2CID 4902671.
  4. ^ Milligan R, Paul M, Richardson M, Neuberger A (May 2018). "Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (5): CD001261. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001261.pub4. PMC 6494485. PMID 29851031.
  5. ^ "Typhoid Vaccine Information Statement". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). October 2019. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  6. ^ Flower DR (2008). Bioinformatics for Vaccinology. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 40–41. ISBN 9780470699829. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015.
  7. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  8. ^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.

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