Tyrosinase

TYR
Identifiers
Aliases	TYR, ATN, CMM8, OCA1, OCA1A, OCAIA, SHEP3, tyrosinase, Tyrosinase
External IDs	OMIM: 606933; MGI: 98880; HomoloGene: 30969; GeneCards: TYR; OMA:TYR - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	89,295,759 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	87,142,720 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	retinal pigment epithelium; ; testicle; ; skin of thigh; ; skin of abdomen; ; Achilles tendon; ; human penis; ; vulva; ; Descending thoracic aorta; ; ascending aorta; ; ganglionic eminence;
	Top expressed in
	iris; ; hair follicle; ; stria vascularis; ; ciliary body; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; lumbar subsegment of spinal cord; ; gastrula; ; cornea; ; epithelium of lens; ; utricle;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	metal ion binding; copper ion binding; monooxygenase activity; protein homodimerization activity; oxidoreductase activity; protein heterodimerization activity; protein binding; Polyphenol oxidase; tyrosinase activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; integral component of membrane; cytosol; nucleus; membrane; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; lysosome; melanosome membrane; Golgi-associated vesicle; melanosome; intracellular membrane-bounded organelle;
Biological process	response to UV; response to cAMP; metabolism; melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine; response to vitamin D; pigmentation; thymus development; eye pigment biosynthetic process; cell population proliferation; visual perception; melanin biosynthetic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	7299
	22173
	ENSG00000077498
	ENSMUSG00000004651
	P14679
	P11344
	NM_000372
	NM_011661; NM_001317397
	NP_000363
	NP_001304326; NP_035791
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Tyrosinase is an oxidase that is the rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin. The enzyme is mainly involved in two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis otherwise known as the Raper–Mason pathway. Firstly, the hydroxylation of a monophenol and secondly, the conversion of an o-diphenol to the corresponding o-quinone. o-Quinone undergoes several reactions to eventually form melanin.^[5] Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme present in plant and animal tissues that catalyzes the production of melanin and other pigments from tyrosine by oxidation. It is found inside melanosomes which are synthesized in the skin melanocytes. In humans, the tyrosinase enzyme is encoded by the TYR gene.^[6]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000077498 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000004651 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Kumar CM, Sathisha UV, Dharmesh S, Rao AG, Singh SA (Mar 2011). "Interaction of sesamol (3,4-methylenedioxyphenol) with tyrosinase and its effect on melanin synthesis". Biochimie. 93 (3): 562–9. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2010.11.014. PMID 21144881.
^ Barton DE, Kwon BS, Francke U (Jul 1988). "Human tyrosinase gene, mapped to chromosome 11 (q14----q21), defines second region of homology with mouse chromosome 7". Genomics. 3 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(88)90153-X. PMID 3146546.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000077498 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000004651 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid21144881-5] Kumar CM, Sathisha UV, Dharmesh S, Rao AG, Singh SA (Mar 2011). "Interaction of sesamol (3,4-methylenedioxyphenol) with tyrosinase and its effect on melanin synthesis". Biochimie. 93 (3): 562–9. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2010.11.014. PMID 21144881.

[pmid3146546-6] Barton DE, Kwon BS, Francke U (Jul 1988). "Human tyrosinase gene, mapped to chromosome 11 (q14----q21), defines second region of homology with mouse chromosome 7". Genomics. 3 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(88)90153-X. PMID 3146546.

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