Back وكالة إنفاذ قوانين الهجرة والجمارك بالولايات المتحدة Arabic Amerika Birləşmiş Ştatları İmmiqrasiya və Gömrük Mühafizəsi Azerbaijani United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement German Servicio de Control de Inmigración y Aduanas Spanish Immigrazio eta Aduanen Taldea Basque اعمال مهاجرت و گمرک ایالات متحده آمریکا Persian United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement French אכיפת מכס והגירה (ארצות הברית) HE Penegakan Imigrasi dan Bea Cukai A.S. ID United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement Italian

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
ICE logo
HSI Special Agent badge
HSI Special Agent badge
ERO Officer badge
ERO Officer badge
Motto"Protecting National Security and Upholding Public Safety"
HSI's motto: Honor, Service, Integrity
Agency overview
FormedMarch 1, 2003 (2003-03-01)
Preceding agency
Employees21,800+ (2025)
Annual budget$9.13 billion (2025)[1]
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdictionUnited States
Specialist jurisdictions
Operational structure
Headquarters500 12th Street SW
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Agency executive
Parent agencyUnited States Department of Homeland Security
Website
ice.gov

The United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE; /aɪs/ ⓘ) is a federal law enforcement agency under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Created by U.S. president George W. Bush in 2003 following the September 11 attacks, ICE's stated mission is to protect the United States from cross-border crime and illegal immigration that threaten national security and public safety.[3][4]

ICE enforces over 400 federal statutes, focusing on customs violations, immigration enforcement, terrorism prevention, and trafficking.[5][6] ICE has two primary and distinct law enforcement components, Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) and Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO), in addition to three supporting divisions: Management & Program Administration, Office of Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) and Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR).[7]

Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO), which primarily deals with the deportation and removal of undocumented immigrants, is among the most public and contentious functions of ICE. ERO maintains custodial facilities used to detain people who are allegedly illegally present in the United States. In interior offices, ERO officers primarily conduct targeted enforcement operations to apprehend immigrants engaged in serious criminal activity. At border offices, ERO officers receive and detain undocumented immigrants apprehended by the United States Border Patrol.[8]

ICE maintains domestic offices throughout the United States and detachments at major U.S. diplomatic missions overseas. ICE personnel (special agents and officers) do not patrol American borders; rather, that role is performed by the Border Patrol.[9][10][11] ERO and HSI operate as two independent law enforcement agencies and have completely separate mission statements. HSI is focused on the disruption of transnational crime, whereas ERO is responsible for the apprehension, detention and removal of undocumented immigrants.[12]

The acting director is Todd Lyons.[2] The agency has not had a Senate-confirmed director since Sarah Saldaña stepped down on January 20, 2017.[13]

  1. ^ Cristobal Ramón, Interior Enforcement Under the Trump Administration by The Numbers: Part One, Removals, Bipartisan Policy Project (June 19, 2019).
  2. ^ a b c "ICE Leadership". U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Retrieved January 25, 2025.
  3. ^ "What We Do". U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
  4. ^ "Enforcement and Removal Operations". U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
  5. ^ "What We Do". U.S. Immigration and Customs and Enforcement. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
  6. ^ "Enforcement and Removal Operations". U.S. Immigration and Customs and Enforcement. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
  7. ^ "Who We Are". U.S. Immigration and Customs and Enforcement. Retrieved November 24, 2021.
  8. ^ Gramlich, John (March 2, 2020). "How border apprehensions, ICE arrests and deportations have changed under Trump". Pew Research Center. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
  9. ^ Nixon, Ron; Qiu, Linda (July 3, 2018). "What Is ICE and Why Do Critics Want to Abolish It?". The New York Times. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
  10. ^ "Calls to Abolish ICE Not 'Open Borders'". FactCheck.org. Annenberg Public Policy Center. July 3, 2018. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
  11. ^ Folley, Aris (June 29, 2018). "ICE chief to protesters: We're not the ones separating families". Retrieved July 5, 2018.
  12. ^ "ICE". U.S. Immigration and Customs and Enforcement. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  13. ^ Kanno-Youngs, Zolan; Tackett, Michael (May 5, 2019). "Trump Names Mark Morgan, Former Head of Border Patrol, to Lead ICE". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 6, 2019.

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