USS Alabama (BB-60)

USS Alabama in Casco Bay in 1942
History
United States
Name	Alabama
Namesake	Alabama
Ordered	1 April 1939
Builder	Norfolk Navy Yard
Laid down	1 February 1940
Launched	16 February 1942
Commissioned	16 August 1942
Decommissioned	9 January 1947
Stricken	1 June 1962
Status	Museum ship since 11 June 1964 at the Battleship Memorial Park
General characteristics
Class and type	South Dakota-class battleship
Displacement	Standard: 37,970 long tons (38,580 t) Full load: 44,519 long tons (45,233 t)
Length	680 ft (210 m) o/a
Beam	108 ft 2 in (32.97 m)
Draft	35 ft 1 in (10.69 m)
Installed power	130,000 shp (97,000 kW) 8 × Babcock & Wilcox boilers
Propulsion	4 × General Electric steam turbines 4 × screw propellers
Speed	27.5 knots (50.9 km/h; 31.6 mph)
Range	15,000 nmi (28,000 km; 17,000 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Crew	1,793 officers and enlisted men (peace) 2,500 officers and enlisted men (war)
Armament	9 × 16 in (406 mm) guns 20 × 5 in (127 mm) DP guns 6 × quadruple 40 mm (1.6 in) AA guns 35 × single 20 mm (0.8 in) AA guns
Armor	Belt: 12.2 in (310 mm) Deck: 6 in (152 mm) Turrets: 18 in (457 mm) Barbettes: 17.3 in (440 mm) Conning tower: 16 in
Aircraft carried	3 × "Kingfisher" floatplanes
Aviation facilities	2 × catapults

USS Alabama (BB-60) is a retired battleship. She was the fourth and final member of the South Dakota class of fast battleships built for the United States Navy in the 1940s. The first American battleships designed after the Washington treaty system began to break down in the mid-1930s, they took advantage of an escalator clause that allowed increasing the main battery to 16-inch (406 mm) guns, but Congressional refusal to authorize larger battleships kept their displacement close to the Washington limit of 35,000 long tons (36,000 t). A requirement to be armored against the same caliber of guns as they carried, combined with the displacement restriction, resulted in cramped ships. Overcrowding was exacerbated by wartime modifications that considerably strengthened their anti-aircraft batteries and significantly increased their crews.

After entering service, Alabama was briefly deployed to strengthen the British Home Fleet, tasked with protecting convoys to the Soviet Union. In 1943, she was transferred to the Pacific for operations against Japan; the first of these was the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign that began in November that year. While operating in the Pacific, she served primarily as an escort for the fast carrier task force to protect the aircraft carriers from surface and air attacks. She also frequently bombarded Japanese positions in support of amphibious assaults. She took part in the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign in June–September and the Philippines campaign in October–December. After a refit in early 1945, she returned to the fleet for operations during the Battle of Okinawa and the series of attacks on the Japanese mainland in July and August, including several bombardments of coastal industrial targets.

Alabama assisted in Operation Magic Carpet after the war, carrying some 700 men home from the former war zone. She was decommissioned in 1947 and assigned to the Pacific Reserve Fleet, where she remained until 1962 when she was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register. A campaign to save the ship from the breakers' yard succeeded in raising the necessary funds, and Alabama was preserved as a museum ship in Mobile Bay, Alabama.