Ongoing military intervention in West Asia
US intervention in the Syrian civil war Part of Operation Inherent Resolve , the war against the Islamic State , and the foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war
Top: Territorial map of the Syrian civil war in September 2014
Bottom: Current territorial map of the Syrian civil war
Syrian Government Army Syrian National Army & others Syrian Democratic Forces Tahrir al-Sham ISIL (For a more detailed, up-to-date, interactive map, see here . )Date 22 September 2014 – present (9 years, 11 months and 1 day) Location Result
Belligerents
CJTF–OIR United States Turkey Syrian Revolutionary Army (2011–present)
Supported by:
Local ground forces
Syrian Democratic Forces
Syrian Arab Republic [ 21] Russia Iran (limited aircraft shoot-downs)[ 22] [ 23] Supported by:
Islamic Front (2013–2015)
Syrian Salvation Government (2017–present)
Islamic State
al-Qaeda
Turkistan Islamic Party [ 38]
Commanders and leaders
Joe Biden (since 20 January 2021)
Donald Trump (until 20 January 2021)
Barack Obama (until 20 January 2017)
Chuck Hagel (until 2015)
Ashton Carter (until 2017)
James Mattis (until 2019)
Patrick M. Shanahan (until 23 June 2019)
Mark Esper (until 9 November 2020)
Lloyd Austin (since 22 January 2021)
Mette Frederiksen (since 27 June 2019)
Lars Løkke Rasmussen (until 27 June 2019)
Helle Thorning-Schmidt
Mark Rutte
Keir Starmer (since 5 July 2024)
Rishi Sunak (until 5 July 2024)
Liz Truss (Until 25 October 2022)
Boris Johnson (until 6 September 2022)
Theresa May (until 24 July 2019)
David Cameron (until 13 July 2016)
Stephen Hillier
Anthony Albanese (since 23 May 2022)
Scott Morrison (until 23 May 2022)
Malcolm Turnbull (until 24 August 2018)
Tony Abbott (until 15 September 2015)
Trevor Jones
David Johnston
Emmanuel Macron (since 14 May 2017)
François Hollande (until 14 May 2017)
Jean-Yves Le Drian
Pierre de Villiers
King Salman
King Abdullah († 2015)
Mohammad bin Salman
King Mohammed VI
Abdelilah Benkirane
Bouchaib Arroub
Mohamed bin Zayed (since 14 May 2022)
Khalifa Al Nahyan (until 13 May 2022)
Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
Tamim Al Thani
Hamad bin Ali Al Attiyah
Salih Muslim Muhammad
Masoud Barzani
Olaf Scholz (until January 2022)
Angela Merkel (until 8 December 2021)
Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer
Volker Wieker
Stephen Harper (until November 2015)
Justin Trudeau (until February 2016)
Thomas J. Lawson (until February 2016)
Yvan Blondin (until February 2016)
Bashar al-Assad Dawoud Rajiha (until 2012) Fahd Jassem al-Freij (until 2018)Ali Abdullah Ayyoub (until 2020) Ali Mahmoud Abbas (since 2022) Vladimir Putin Dmitry Medvedev (until 2020) Mikhail Mishustin (from 2020) Sergei Shoygu Valery Gerasimov Viktor Bondarev Sergey Rudskoy (Chief of Gen Staff. Ops. Dept.)
Aleksandr Dvornikov [ 52] (September 2015 – June 2016) Alexander Zhuravlyov [ 53] (July–December 2016) Andrey Kartapolov [ 54] (December 2016 – March 2017) Sergey Surovikin (March–December 2017)[ 55] Alexander Zhuravlyov [ 56] (December 2017 – September 2018) Sergey Kuralenko[ 57] September–October 2018 Aleksandr Lapin [ 58] (October 2018 – January 2019) Sergey Surovikin[ 59] (January–April 2019) Andrey Serdyukov [ 59] (April–September 2019) Aleksandr Chaiko [ 60] [ 61] (September 2019 – November 2020) Sergey Kuzovlev [ 62] (November 2020 – February 2021) Aleksandr Chaiko [ 63] February–June 2021 Yevgeny Nikiforov (June–October 2021) Roman Berdnikov (since October 2021) Valery Asapov † Vyacheslav Gladich † [ 64] Ali Khamenei Hassan Rouhani (until 2021) Ebrahim Raisi (from 2021) Amir Hatami mohammad-Reza Gharaei Ashtiani (from 2021) Maj. Gen. Qasem Soleimani † [ 65] [ 66] (Quds Force chief commander) Brig. Gen. Dariush Dorosti † [ 67] (IRGC commander) Maj. Abolghassem Zahiri (WIA )[ 68] (102nd Imam Hossein Battalion commander) Ahmad Gholami † (Iranian paramilitary commander) Brig.Gen. Mohammad Reza Zahedi † (Quds Force commander)
Abu Yahia al-Hamawi (Emir of Ahrar al-Sham (2015–2017))[ 69]
Abu Jaber Shaykh (Emir of Ahrar al-Sham (2014-2015); Emir of Tahrir al-Sham (2017))[ 70] [ 71]
Abu Mohammad al-Julani (Emir of Tahrir al-Sham (2017–present))
Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi † (Leader)Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi † (Leader)[ 72] [ 73]
Abu Alaa Afri † (Deputy Leader of ISIL)[ 74]
Abu Ayman al-Iraqi † (Head of Military Shura)[ 75] [ 76]
Abu Suleiman † (Replacement Military Chief)[ 76]
Abu Omar al-Shishani †
(Chief commander in Syria)[ 77] [ 78] [ 79] [ 80]
Abu Khayr al-Masri † (al-Qaeda deputy leader)[ 81] [ 82]
Abu Humam al-Shami (al-Nusra Military Chief and subsequent leader of Hurras al-Din)[ 83]
Abu Mohammad al-Julani (Emir of Al-Nusra front (2012–2016))
Abu Hajer al-Homsi † (top al-Nusra military commander)[ 84]
Abu Firas al-Suri † (al-Nusra Spokesman)[ 85] [ 86]
Abu Muhammed al Ansari † (al-Nusra Emir of the Idlib Province )
Ahmad Salama Mabruk † (al-Nusra senior commander)[ 87]
Muhsin al-Fadhli † (Leader of Khorasan)[ 88] [ 89] [ 90]
Sanafi al-Nasr † [ 91]
David Drugeon † [ 89] [ 92]
Said Arif † (Jund al-Aqsa Military Chief)[ 35]
Abu Omar al-Turkistani † (TIP and al-Nusra military commander)[ 38]
Strength
Coalition forces:
Coalition forces-air
3 Surface Warships
2 Submarines
15 Eurofighter Typhoons
9 Panavia Tornado Aircraft
10 MQ-9 Reaper Drones
1 ISR Aircraft
3 RC-135 [ 103]
MQ-9 Reaper[ 104]
7 F-16s in Iraq and Syria (pulled out)[ 105]
1 frigate[ 106]
Coalition forces-ground
Local forces
60,000 (May 2015 estimate)[ 114]
Syrian Arab Republic:
Islamic Front :
Syrian Salvation Government :
Tahrir al-Sham: 31,000+ (2017)[ 118] 20,000–30,000 (2018)[ 119]
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant:
al-Qaeda:
Casualties and losses
United States: 11 servicemen killed[ 130] [ 131] [ 132] 18 Government contractors killed (1 non-combat)[ 132] 1 V-22 Osprey crashed[ 133] 5 combat drones lost[ 134] [ 135] [ 136] Jordan: 1 pilot executed[ 137] 1 F-16 crashed[ 138] 2 drones lost[ 139] United Kingdom: 1 serviceman killed[ 140] 2 SAS operators wounded[ 141]
France: 1 serviceman killed[ 142]
Syrian Arab Republic:
169 soldiers and militiamen killed (per SOHR)[ 143]
Up to 23 Russian paramilitary forces killed (per SOHR)[ 144] [ 145]
3 tanks destroyed[ 146] [ 147] [ 148]
10+ aircraft destroyed[ 149] [ 150]
1 SAM battery destroyed[ 151]
2 drones lost[ 152] [ 153]
Islamic Front :
Ahrar al-Sham:
3 killed (per SOHR)[ 143] [ 154] [ 155]
Jaysh al-Sunna:
10 killed (per SOHR)[ 143]
Syrian Salvation Government :
Tahrir al-Sham: 6 killed[ 156]
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant:
At least 9,158 killed[ 143] (per Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR))
al-Qaeda:
3,847 civilians killed by Coalition airstrikes in Syria (per SOHR)[ 143] [ 159] [ 160] 6,100+ civilians killed by ISIL in Syria (and up to 3200 missing prisoners of ISIL) per SOHR[ 161] Over 420,000 civilians displaced or fled to other countries[ 162] [ 163] Number of militants killed possibly higher, due to them covering up their losses.[ 164]
Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – present)
Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic
Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels
U.S.-led intervention against ISIL
On 22 September 2014, the United States officially intervened in the Syrian civil war with the stated aim of fighting the terrorist organization ISIS in support of the international war against it , code named Operation Inherent Resolve . The US currently continues to support the Syrian rebels and the Kurdish -led Syrian Democratic Forces opposed to both the Islamic State and Syrian president Bashar al-Assad .
Shortly after the start of the civil war in 2011, the Obama administration placed sanctions against Syria and supported the Free Syrian Army rebel faction by covertly authorizing Timber Sycamore under which the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) armed and trained rebels. Following the Islamic State's occupation of Eastern Syria in August 2014, the United States conducted surveillance flights in Syria to gather intelligence regarding the Islamic State. In September 2014, the United States-led coalition—which involves the United Kingdom , France , Jordan , Turkey , Canada , Australia , and others—launched an air campaign against the Islamic State and al-Nusra Front inside Syria.
The US missile strike on Shayrat Airbase on 7 April 2017 was the first time the US deliberately attacked Syrian government forces during the war,[ 165] and marked the start of a series of direct military actions by US forces against the Syrian government and its allies via airstrikes and aircraft shoot-downs, mainly in defense of either the Syrian Democratic Forces or the Syrian Free Army opposition group based in al-Tanf . In mid-January 2018, the Trump administration indicated its intention to maintain an open-ended military presence in Syria to accomplish US political objectives, including countering Iranian influence and ousting Syrian president Bashar al-Assad.[ 166] [ 167] However, on 19 December, President Trump unilaterally ordered the withdrawal of the 2,000–2,500 US ground troops in Syria at the time, which was to be completed in 2019.[ 168] [ 169] [ 170] With proliferating concerns over a potential power vacuum, the US announced on 22 February 2019 that instead of a total withdrawal, a contingency force of around 400 US troops would remain garrisoned in Syria indefinitely, and that their withdrawal would be gradual and conditions-based, returning to a policy of open-ended American military presence in the country.[ 171] [ 172]
In 2019, the coalition saw decisive results in its intervention against the Islamic State; the terror group lost its last remaining territory in Syria during the battle of Baghuz Fawqani [ 173] and its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi died during a US special forces raid in Idlib in October 2019.[ 174] The Trump administration ordered all US forces to withdraw from Rojava in early October ahead of a Turkish incursion into the region, a controversial move widely seen as a reneging of the US's alliance with the SDF in favor of NATO ally Turkey .[ 175] However, by November 2019, US troops instead repositioned to eastern Syria, reinforcing their presence in the al-Hasakah and Deir ez-Zor governorates, with the subordinate mission of securing SDF-controlled oil and gas infrastructure from the IS insurgency and the Syrian government.[ 176] On 23 November 2019, the head of US Central Command stated there was no "end date" on the US's intervention in Syria.[ 177]
As of February 2021, there are around 900 US soldiers operating in Syria, according to the US Department of Defense .[ 47] [ 178]
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^ Here's The Definitive Account Of The Syrian Su-22 Shoot Down From The Pilots Themselves .
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^ "F-15E Shot Down "Predator-Sized" Drone That Attacked Coalition Forces In Syria" . The Drive. 8 June 2017.
^ "US 'downs Iranian-made drone' over Syria" . BBC News . 20 June 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2018 .
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^ "Air strikes kill 12 fighters in Syria's Idlib: monitor" . Reuters . 3 February 2017. Archived from the original on 4 May 2022.
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^ "62 months of the "international coalition" operations in Syria: Killing "al-Baghdadi" the biggest achievement after the US withdrawal, new bases and goals in East Euphrates and joint operations with SDF to "fight IS cells" • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights" . 23 November 2019.
^ "Al-Assad's legacy in 3rd presidential term | over 371,000 people killed…unprecedented economic collapse…foreign interventions and large spread of drugs • the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights" . 25 May 2021.
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^ "No 'End Date' for U.S. Troops in Syria" . 25 November 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2019 .
^ "A look at the US military mission in Syria and its dangers" . AP News . 24 March 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2024 .