United Progressive Alliance

United Progressive Alliance

IAST: *Saṁyukt Pragatiśīl Gaṭhabandhan*
United Progressive Alliance IAST: Saṁyukt Pragatiśīl Gaṭhabandhan
Abbreviation	UPA
Founder	Left Parties
Founded	6 May 2004
Dissolved	July 18, 2023
Succeeded by	Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA)
Ideology	Majority:; Big tent; Secularism; Factions:; Social liberalism; Social democracy; Democratic socialism;
Political position	Centre-left to left-wing
	Politics of India; Political parties; Elections;

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The United Progressive Alliance (UPA; IAST: Saṁyukt Pragatiśīl Gaṭhabandhan) was a political alliance in India led by the Indian National Congress. It was formed after the 2004 general election with support from left-leaning political parties when no single party got the majority.^[11]

The UPA subsequently governed India from 2004 until 2014 for 2 terms before losing power to their main rivals, the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance. The UPA used to rule 7 States and union territories of India before it was dissolved to form the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance on 18 July 2023 ahead of the 2024 general election.^[12]^[13]

^ Lowell Barrington (2009). Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices. Cengage Learning. p. 379. ISBN 978-0-618-49319-7.
^ Meyer, Karl Ernest; Brysac, Shareen Blair (2012). Pax Ethnica: Where and How Diversity Succeeds. PublicAffairs. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-61039-048-4. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
^ "UPA and secularism".
^ DeSouza, Peter Ronald (2006). India's Political Parties Readings in Indian Government and Politics series. SAGE Publishing. p. 420. ISBN 978-9-352-80534-1.
^ Rosow, Stephen J.; George, Jim (2014). Globalization and Democracy. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 91–96. ISBN 978-1-442-21810-9.
^ N. S. Gehlot (1991). The Congress Party in India: Policies, Culture, Performance. Deep & Deep Publications. pp. 150–200. ISBN 978-81-7100-306-8.
^ Soper, J. Christopher; Fetzer, Joel S. (2018). Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press. pp. 200–210. ISBN 978-1-107-18943-0.
^ ^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]
^ ^a ^b Agrawal, S. P.; Aggarwal, J. C., eds. (1989). Nehru on Social Issues. New Delhi: Concept Publishing. ISBN 978-817022207-1.
^ "United Progressive Alliance political organization, India".
^ "United Progressive Alliance, UPA, UPA Performance General Election 2009, UPA Tally, UPA in Lok Sabha Elections 2009, India Elections 2009, General Elections, Election Manifesto, India Election News, India Elections Results, Indian Election Schedule, 15th Lok Sabha Elections, General Elections 2009, State Assembly Elections, State Assembly Elections Schedule, State Assembly Election Results". electionaffairs.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012.
^ "Opposition meeting: 26 Indian parties form alliance to take on PM Modi". BBC News.
^ "NDA vs I.N.D.I.A in 2024 as UPA rebrands itself as Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance at Opposition meet". Financialexpress. 18 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.

[Barrington2009-1] Lowell Barrington (2009). Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices. Cengage Learning. p. 379. ISBN 978-0-618-49319-7.

[2] Meyer, Karl Ernest; Brysac, Shareen Blair (2012). Pax Ethnica: Where and How Diversity Succeeds. PublicAffairs. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-61039-048-4. Retrieved 7 April 2016.

[3] "UPA and secularism".

[Liberal1-4] DeSouza, Peter Ronald (2006). India's Political Parties Readings in Indian Government and Politics series. SAGE Publishing. p. 420. ISBN 978-9-352-80534-1.

[Liberal2-5] Rosow, Stephen J.; George, Jim (2014). Globalization and Democracy. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 91–96. ISBN 978-1-442-21810-9.

[NSGehlot1991-6] N. S. Gehlot (1991). The Congress Party in India: Policies, Culture, Performance. Deep & Deep Publications. pp. 150–200. ISBN 978-81-7100-306-8.

[J.Soper-7] Soper, J. Christopher; Fetzer, Joel S. (2018). Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press. pp. 200–210. ISBN 978-1-107-18943-0.

[8] [4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

[Agarwal1989-9] Agrawal, S. P.; Aggarwal, J. C., eds. (1989). Nehru on Social Issues. New Delhi: Concept Publishing. ISBN 978-817022207-1.

[10] "United Progressive Alliance political organization, India".

[11] "United Progressive Alliance, UPA, UPA Performance General Election 2009, UPA Tally, UPA in Lok Sabha Elections 2009, India Elections 2009, General Elections, Election Manifesto, India Election News, India Elections Results, Indian Election Schedule, 15th Lok Sabha Elections, General Elections 2009, State Assembly Elections, State Assembly Elections Schedule, State Assembly Election Results". electionaffairs.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012.

[12] "Opposition meeting: 26 Indian parties form alliance to take on PM Modi". BBC News.

[13] "NDA vs I.N.D.I.A in 2024 as UPA rebrands itself as Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance at Opposition meet". Financialexpress. 18 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.

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