Urban stream

An urban stream is a formerly natural waterway that flows through a heavily populated area. Often times, urban streams are low-lying points in the landscape that characterize catchment urbanization.^[1] Urban streams are often polluted by urban runoff and combined sewer outflows.^[2] Water scarcity makes flow management in the rehabilitation of urban streams problematic.^[3]

^ Violin, Christy R. (September 2011). "Effects of urbanization and urban stream restoration on the physical and biological structure of stream ecosystems". Ecological Applications. 21 (6): 1932–1949. Bibcode:2011EcoAp..21.1932V. doi:10.1890/10-1551.1. JSTOR 41416629. PMID 21939035 – via JSTOR.
^ Walsh, Christopher J.; Roy, Allison H.; Feminella, Jack W.; Cottingham, Peter D.; Groffman, Peter M.; Morgan, Raymond P. (2005). "The urban stream syndrome: current knowledge and the search for a cure". Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 24 (3): 706–723. doi:10.1899/04-028.1. S2CID 30667397.
^ Lawrence, Justin E.; Pavia, Christopher P. W.; Kaing, Sereyvicheth; Bischel, Heather N.; Luthy, Richard G.; Resh, Vincent H. (2014). "Recycled water for augmenting urban streams in mediterranean-climate regions: a potential approach for riparian ecosystem enhancement". Hydrological Sciences Journal. 59 (3–4): 488–501. Bibcode:2014HydSJ..59..488L. doi:10.1080/02626667.2013.818221. S2CID 129362661.

[1] Violin, Christy R. (September 2011). "Effects of urbanization and urban stream restoration on the physical and biological structure of stream ecosystems". Ecological Applications. 21 (6): 1932–1949. Bibcode:2011EcoAp..21.1932V. doi:10.1890/10-1551.1. JSTOR 41416629. PMID 21939035 – via JSTOR.

[walsh-2] Walsh, Christopher J.; Roy, Allison H.; Feminella, Jack W.; Cottingham, Peter D.; Groffman, Peter M.; Morgan, Raymond P. (2005). "The urban stream syndrome: current knowledge and the search for a cure". Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 24 (3): 706–723. doi:10.1899/04-028.1. S2CID 30667397.

[3] Lawrence, Justin E.; Pavia, Christopher P. W.; Kaing, Sereyvicheth; Bischel, Heather N.; Luthy, Richard G.; Resh, Vincent H. (2014). "Recycled water for augmenting urban streams in mediterranean-climate regions: a potential approach for riparian ecosystem enhancement". Hydrological Sciences Journal. 59 (3–4): 488–501. Bibcode:2014HydSJ..59..488L. doi:10.1080/02626667.2013.818221. S2CID 129362661.

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