Back أرومية Arabic ܐܘܪܡܝܐ ARC اروميه ARZ Urmiya Azerbaijani اورمیه AZB Урмія (горад) Byelorussian Урмия Bulgarian Urmia Catalan Orūmīyeh (kapital sa lalawigan sa Iran) CEB ورمێ CKB

Urmia

For the administrative division of West Azerbaijan province, see Urmia County. For other places with a similar name, see Urmia.

Urmia
ارومیه
City
Clockwise from top: Skyline of the city, Jameh Mosque of Urmia, Segonbad
Flag of Urmia
Flag
Official seal of Urmia
Seal
Nickname: 
Cradle of Water
Urmia is located in Iran
Urmia
Urmia
Coordinates: 37°32′38″N 45°03′53″E / 37.54389°N 45.06472°E / 37.54389; 45.06472[1]
CountryIran
Region3
ProvinceWest Azerbaijan
CountyUrmia
BakhshCentral
Government
 • MayorHossein Mahdizadeh
 • ParliamentVahid Jalalzadeh, Salman Zaker & Ruhollah Hazratpour
Elevation
1,332 m (4,370 ft)
Population
 (2016 census)
 • Urban
736,224[2]
 • Metro
1,000,000[citation needed]
 • Population Rank in Iran
10th
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
Area code044
Websiteurmia.city
Map

Urmia or Orumiyeh[3][nb 1] (Persian: ارومیه, pronounced [oɾumiˈje] )[nb 2] is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran. In the Central District of Urmia County, it is capital of the province, the county, and the district.[4]

The city lies at an altitude of 1,330 metres (4,360 ft) above sea level along the Shahar River on the Urmia Plain. Lake Urmia, one of the world's largest salt lakes, lies to the east of the city, and the border with Turkey lies to the west.

Urmia is the 10th-most populous city in Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 577,307 in 153,570 households.[5] The following census in 2011 counted 667,499 people in 197,749 households.[6] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 736,224 people in 225,050 households.[2] The majority of the city's residents are Azerbaijanis, with a large minority of Kurds, and a smaller number of Assyrians, and Armenians, as well as Persian-speakers who moved to the city mostly for employment.[7]

The city is the trading center for a fertile agricultural region where fruits (especially apples and grapes) and tobacco are grown. Even though the majority of the residents of Urmia are Muslims, the Christian history of Urmia is well preserved and is especially evident in the city's many churches and cathedrals.

An important town by the 9th century, the city has had a diverse population which has at times included Muslims (Shias and Sunnis), Christians (Catholics, Protestants, Nestorians, and Orthodox), Jews, Baháʼís and Sufis. Around 1900 Christians made up more than 40% of the city's population; however, in the next decades most of the Christians were either killed by the advancing Ottoman troops or in raids by Kurdish tribes[8][9] or fled shortly after the end of the war.[10][11][12]

Urmia, Takab and Piranshahr respectively have the highest number of registered provincial sites in the list of national sites.[13]

  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (17 February 2024). "Urmia, Urmia County" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 04. Archived from the original (Excel) on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ^ "Orūmīyeh | Iran | Britannica".
  4. ^ Habibi, Hassan (7 July 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the country divisions of West Azerbaijan province, centered in the city of Urmia". Lamtakam (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  5. ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 04. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  6. ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 04. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  7. ^ Sadeghi, Karim; Richards, Jack C (18 May 2016). "The idea of English in Iran: an example from Urmia". Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 37 (4): 420. doi:10.1080/01434632.2015.1080714. ISSN 0143-4632. S2CID 147225654.
  8. ^ Hellot-Bellier, Florence (2019). "The Resistance of Urmia Assyrians to Violence at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century". Let Them Not Return: Sayfo – The Genocide Against the Assyrian, Syriac, and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire. Vol. 26 (1 ed.). Berghahn Books. pp. 71, 95, 96. doi:10.2307/j.ctvw049wf.8. ISBN 978-1-78533-498-6. JSTOR j.ctvw049wf.8.
  9. ^ Gaunt, David (2006). "Playing with Fire: Occupied Urmia". Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I. Gorgias Press. pp. 81–120. doi:10.31826/9781463210816-009. ISBN 978-1-4632-1081-6.
  10. ^ "Urmia | Encyclopedia.com".
  11. ^ "Assyrians in the History of Urmia, Iran".
  12. ^ E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, M. Th Houtsma, p. 1035, 1987
  13. ^ "ثبت ۳۴۳۱ قلم اثر آذربایجان غربی در سامانه جامع میراث فرهنگی کشور". 17 May 2022.


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