Back Uruguay ACE Uruguay Afrikaans Uruguay ALS ኡሩጓይ Amharic Uruguay AMI Uruguai AN Uruquaria ANG Yurugwai ANN उरुग्वे ANP الأوروغواي Arabic

Uruguay

For other uses, see Uruguay (disambiguation).

Oriental Republic of Uruguay
República Oriental del Uruguay (Spanish)
Motto: Libertad o Muerte
"Freedom or Death"
Anthem: Himno Nacional de Uruguay
"National Anthem of Uruguay"
Sol de Mayo[1][2]
(Sun of May)
Sol de Mayo
Location of Uruguay (dark green) in South America
Location of Uruguay (dark green)

in South America

Capital
and largest city
Montevideo
34°53′S 56°10′W / 34.883°S 56.167°W / -34.883; -56.167
Official language
Ethnic groups
(2023)[5]
Religion
(2021)[6]
  • 38.0% no religion
  • 1.2% other
Demonym(s)Uruguayan
GovernmentUnitary presidential republic
• President
Yamandú Orsi
Carolina Cosse
LegislatureGeneral Assembly
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
Chamber of Representatives
Independence 
from Brazil
• Declared
August 25, 1825
August 27, 1828
February 15, 1967
Area
• Total
176,215 km2 (68,037 sq mi)[7] (89th)
• Water (%)
1.5
Population
• 2023 census
3,499,451[8] (132nd)
• Density
19.5/km2 (50.5/sq mi) (206th)
GDP (PPP)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $107.946 billion[9] (98th)
• Per capita
Increase $36,014[9] (59th)
GDP (nominal)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $82.605 billion[9] (77th)
• Per capita
Increase $23,088[9] (49th)
Gini (2022)Positive decrease 40.6[10]
medium inequality
HDI (2022)Increase 0.830[11]
very high (52nd)
CurrencyUruguayan peso (UYU)
Time zoneUTC−03:00 (UYT)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Calling code+598
ISO 3166 codeUY
Internet TLD.uy

Uruguay (/ˈjʊərəɡwaɪ/ ⓘ[12] YOOR-ə-gwy, Spanish: [uɾuˈɣwaj] ⓘ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (Spanish: República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. It is part of the Southern Cone region of South America. Uruguay covers an area of approximately 176,215 square kilometers (68,037 sq mi).[8] It has a population of around 3.4 million people, of whom nearly 2 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo.

The area that became Uruguay was first inhabited by groups of hunter gatherers 13,000 years ago.[13] The predominant tribe at the moment of the arrival of Europeans was the Charrúa people. At the same time, there were also other tribes, such as the Guaraní and the Chaná, when the Portuguese first established Colonia do Sacramento in 1680; Uruguay was colonized by Europeans later than its neighboring countries.

The Spanish founded Montevideo as a military stronghold in the early 18th century due to competing claims over the region, while Uruguay won its independence between 1811 and 1828, following a four-way struggle between Portugal and Spain, and later Argentina and Brazil. It remained subject to foreign influence and intervention throughout the first half of the 19th century.[14] From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, numerous pioneering economic, labor, and social reforms were implemented, which led to the creation of a highly developed welfare state, which is why the country began to be known as "Switzerland of the Americas".[15] However, a series of economic crises and the fight against far-left urban guerrilla warfare in the late 1960s and early 1970s culminated in the 1973 coup d'état, which established a civic-military dictatorship until 1985.[16] Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government.

In 2023, Uruguay was categorized as being a "full democracy" in The Economist Democracy Index,[17] and is highly ranked in international measurements of government transparency, economic freedom, social progress, income equality, per capita income, innovation, and infrastructure.[18][19] The country has fully legalized cannabis (the first country in the world to do so), as well as same-sex marriage and abortion. It is a founding member of the United Nations, OAS, and Mercosur.

  1. ^ Crow, John A. (1992). The Epic of Latin America (4th ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 457. ISBN 978-0-520-07723-2. In the meantime, while the crowd assembled in the plaza continued to shout its demands at the cabildo, the sun suddenly broke through the overhanging clouds and clothed the scene in brilliant light. The people looked upward with one accord and took it as a favorable omen for their cause. This was the origin of the ″sun of May″ which has appeared in the center of the Argentine flag and on the Argentine coat of arms ever since.
  2. ^ Kopka, Deborah (2011). Central & South America. Dayton, OH: Lorenz Educational Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-4291-2251-1. The sun's features are those of Inti, the Incan sun god. The sun commemorates the appearance of the Sun through cloudy skies on May 25, 1810, during the first mass demonstration in favor of independence.
  3. ^ IMPO (July 25, 2001). Personas con Discapacidad. Lengua de Señas Uruguaya [Disabled Persons. Uruguayan Sign Language – Law No. 17378] (Ley N° 17378) (in Spanish). El Senado y la Cámara Representantes de República Oriental del Uruguay reunidos en Asamblea General. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  4. ^ Meyers, Stephen; Lockwood, Elizabeth (December 6, 2014). "The Tale of Two Civil Societies: Comparing disability rights movements in Nicaragua and Uruguay". Disability Studies Quarterly. 34 (4). doi:10.18061/dsq.v34i4.3845. ISSN 2159-8371. Archived from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  5. ^ "Ascendencia étnico-racial principal, por categoría, según departamento - Censo 2023". 2024 (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Retrieved January 21, 2025.
  6. ^ "Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH) – Instituto Nacional de Estadística". Archived from the original on December 8, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
  7. ^ "Uruguay". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved June 22, 2023. (Archived 2011 edition.)
  8. ^ a b "Censo Nacional 2023 contabilizó 3.499.451 habitantes en Uruguay". Uruguay Presidencia (in Spanish). Retrieved October 12, 2024.
  9. ^ a b c d "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: April 2024". imf.org. International Monetary Fund.
  10. ^ "GINI index". World Bank. Archived from the original on November 10, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2024.
  11. ^ "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. March 13, 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 13, 2024. Retrieved April 17, 2024.
  12. ^ Wells, John C. (1990). Longman pronunciation dictionary. Harlow, England: Longman. p. 755. ISBN 0-582-05383-8. entry "Uruguay"
  13. ^ "Hace 13.000 años cazadores-recolectores exploraron y colonizaron planicie del río Cuareim" [13,000 years ago, hunter-gatherers explored and colonized the Cuareim River plain]. archivo.presidencia.gub.uy (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 18, 2014. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  14. ^ Jacob, Raúl; Weinstein, Martin (1992). "Modern Uruguay, 1875–1903: Militarism 1875–90". In Rex A. Hudson; Sandra W. Meditz (eds.). Uruguay: A Country Study (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress Country Studies. pp. 17–19. ISBN 978-0-8444-0737-1. Archived from the original on April 30, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
  15. ^ "URUGUAY A HAVEN FOR REFUGEE SUMS; Gold Flows to 'Switzerland of Americas' Since Korean War – Foreign Trade Booms". The New York Times. January 3, 1951. p. 75. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 11, 2017. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  16. ^ "Back to Democracy in Uruguay". Washington Post. December 27, 2023 [30 November 1984]. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  17. ^ "Democracy Index 2023". Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  18. ^ "Uruguay Rankings" (PDF). June 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2017. Retrieved April 21, 2017 – via Embassy of the United States of America.
  19. ^ "Spartacus Gay Travel Index" (PDF). spartacus.gayguide.travel. February 29, 2024. No. 8, p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 14, 2017. Retrieved September 3, 2020.


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