Back منظمة الداخلية المقدونية الثورية - الحزب الديمقراطي للوحدة الوطنية المقدونية Arabic Нутраная македонская рэвалюцыйная арганізацыя — Дэмакратычная партыя за македонскае нацыянальнае адзінства BE-X-OLD ВМРО – Демократическа партия за македонско национално единство Bulgarian VMRO–DPMNE Catalan VMRO-DPMNE Czech Innere Mazedonische Revolutionäre Organisation – Demokratische Partei für Mazedonische Nationale Einheit German Εσωτερική Μακεδονική Επαναστατική Οργάνωση - Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα για τη Μακεδονική Εθνική Ενότητα Greek Organización Revolucionaria Interna de Macedonia - Partido Democrático para la Unidad Nacional Macedonia Spanish VMRO-DPMNE Finnish Organisation révolutionnaire macédonienne intérieure - Parti démocratique pour l'unité nationale macédonienne French

VMRO-DPMNE

Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity
Внатрешна македонска револуционерна организација – Демократска партија за македонско национално единство
AbbreviationVMRO-DPMNE
LeaderHristijan Mickoski[1]
Secretary-GeneralGjorgjija Sajkoski
Vice-PresidentAleksandar Nikoloski
Vlado Misajlovski
Timčo Mucunski
Gordana Dimitrievska Kocovska
FounderLjubčo Georgievski,[2] Dragan Bogdanovski, Boris Zmejkovski
Gojko Jakovlevski[3]
Founded17 June 1990
HeadquartersSkopje
Youth wingYouth Force Union
Ideology
Political positionCentre-right to right-wing
National affiliationYour Macedonia
European affiliationEuropean People's Party (associate)
International affiliationInternational Democracy Union
Colours  Red
  Black
  Gold
Assembly
55 / 120
Mayors
42 / 80
Local councils
468 / 1,333
Skopje city council
18 / 45
Website
vmro-dpmne.org.mk

The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (Macedonian: Внатрешна македонска револуционерна организација – Демократска партија за македонско национално единство), often simplified as VMRO-DPMNE (Macedonian: ВМРО–ДПМНЕ), is a conservative[8][9] political party in North Macedonia and is the main centre-right[10][11][12] to right-wing[13] party in the country.

The party has presented itself as Christian-democratic,[2][9][14] but it is considered nationalist,[15][16][17][18][19] anti-communist,[20][21][22] and economically liberal.[23] VMRO-DPMNE's support is based on ethnic Macedonians with some exceptions. The party claims that their goals and objectives are to express the tradition of the Macedonian people on whose political struggle and concepts it is based.[24][25] Nevertheless, it has formed multiple coalition governments with ethnic minority parties.[26] Under the leadership of Ljubčo Georgievski in its beginning, the party supported the Macedonian independence from Socialist Yugoslavia,[27] and led a policy of closer relationships with Bulgaria.[28] After being accused of being a pro-Bulgarian politician, Georgievski broke off from VMRO-DPMNE in 2003[29] to form the VMRO – People's Party.

Under the leadership of Nikola Gruevski, the party promoted ultranationalist[30] identity politics in the form of antiquization. Its nationalist stances were often perceived also as anti-Albanian.[31] During Gruevski's leadership the party changed from a pro-European and а pro-NATO policy, to a Russophilic, pro-Serbian and anti-Western one.[32][33][34][35][36][37] His government also managed to build strong Eurosceptic sentiments within the country.[38]

  1. ^ "Мицкоски се обрати кон своите сопартијци од ВМРО-ДПМНЕ: Еве што им порача" [Mickoski addressed his fellow party members from VMRO-DPMNE: Here is what he told them]. 23 December 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Berglund, Sten, ed. (2013). The Handbook of Political Change in Eastern Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 621–622. ISBN 978-1782545880.
  3. ^ Daskalovski, Židas (2006). Walking on the Edge: Consolidating Multiethnic Macedonia, 1989-2004. Globic. p. 46. ISBN 978-0977666232.
  4. ^ According to the personal evaluation of the founder of the party Ljubco Georgievski, not only he, but also 90 percent of VMRO-DPMNE members in the early 1990s, as well as 50 percent of the government he led from 1998 to 2002, felt themselves as Bulgarophiles. He also accused his successor Gruevski of being a Serboman. For more see: Што се случува во десницата? Утрински весник, број 3294 од 31 мај 2010 година.
  5. ^ Per the leading VMRO-DPMNE member Aleksandar Lepavcov his grandfather called himself Bulgarian. His father was Bulgarian or, to put it most mildly, a big Bulgarophile. I am also Bulgarophile, but above all I am Macedonian. I know my roots, but today the situation is as it is. For more see: New Faces in Skopje, Lessons from the Macedonian Elections and the Challenges Facing the New Government, International Crisis Group (ICG), UNHCR, 8 January 1999.
  6. ^ Friedman, Eben. (2002). Party System, Electoral Systems and Minority Representation in the Republic of Macedonia from 1990 to 2002†. pp= 235-236 in European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online. 2. pp. 227-245. 10.1163/221161103X00111.
  7. ^ Fontana, Giuditta (2016). Education Policy and Power-Sharing in Post-Conflict Societies: Lebanon, Northern Ireland, and Macedonia. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 105. ISBN 978-3319314266.
  8. ^ Bakke, Elisabeth (2010). "Central and East European party systems since 1989". In Ramet, Sabrina P. (ed.). Central and Southeast European Politics since 1989. Cambridge University Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-521-88810-3.
  9. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2020). "North Macedonia". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  10. ^ Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2007). The Balkans: A Post-Communist History. Taylor & Francis. p. 419. ISBN 978-0-415-22962-3.
  11. ^ Piano, Aili (30 September 2009). Freedom in the World 2009: The Annual Survey of Political Rights & Civil Liberties. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 433. ISBN 978-1-4422-0122-4.
  12. ^ Fluri, Philipp H.; Gustenau, Gustav E.; Pantev, Plamen I. (19 September 2005). "Macedonian Reform Perspectives". The Evolution of Civil-Military Relations in South East Europe: Continuing Democratic Reform and Adapting to the Needs of Fighting Terrorism. Springer. p. 170. ISBN 978-3-7908-1572-6.
  13. ^ Atanasov, Petar (2005). "Macedonian Reform Perspectives". In Fluri, Philipp H.; Gustenau, Gustav E.; Pantev, Plamen I. (eds.). The Evolution of Civil–Military Relations in South East Europe: Continuing Democratic Reform and Adapting to the Needs of Fighting Terrorism. Springer Science+Business Media. p. 170. ISBN 978-3-7908-1572-6.
  14. ^ "Key political Parties in Macedonia". Balkan Insight. 27 September 2012.
  15. ^ Bugajski, Janusz (1995). Ethnic Politics in Eastern Europe: A Guide to Nationality Policies, Organizations, and Parties. M. E. Sharpe. p. 463. ISBN 978-0-7656-1911-2.
  16. ^ Vera Stojarová, Peter Emerson (2013) Party Politics in the Western Balkans; Routledge, ISBN 1135235856, p. 175.
  17. ^ Hugh Poulton, Who are the Macedonians?, Hurst & Company, 2000, ISBN 9781850652380, p. 207.
  18. ^ Danforth, Loring M. (1995). The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World. Princeton University Press. p. 144. ISBN 0691043574. ...the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE), an ultranationalist party whose irredentist platform called for the creation of a "United Macedonia".
  19. ^ Bugajski, Janusz (1995). Ethnic Politics in Eastern Europe: A Guide to Nationality Policies, Organizations, and Parties. M. E. Sharpe. p. 463. ISBN 978-0-7656-1911-2.
  20. ^ Poulton, Hugh (2000). Who Are the Macedonians? (2nd ed.). Indiana University Press. p. 217. ISBN 0-253-21359-2.
  21. ^ European Yearbook of Minority Issues: 2002-2003. Vol. 2. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2004. p. 233. ISBN 9004138390.
  22. ^ Dobos, Corina; Stan, Marius (2010). Politics of Memory in Post-Communist Europe (History of Communism in Europe). Zeta Books. p. 197. ISBN 978-9731997858.
  23. ^ Jebb, Cindy R. (2006). The Fight for Legitimacy: Democracy vs. Terrorism. Praeger Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 978-0275991890.
  24. ^ "Вмро – Дпмне". Vmro-dpmne.org.mk. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  25. ^ The party politics in Macedonia, 1993, Skopje, G. Ljubancev
  26. ^ MKD.MK – Prime Minister Gruevski: Macedonia won with fair and democratic elections (in Macedonian)
  27. ^ 20 years Macedonian independence (TV documentary film), Macedonian Radio-Television, 2011
  28. ^ Troebst.S, ‘An Ethnic War That Did Not Take Place: Macedonia, Its Minorities and Its Neighbours in the 1990s’, p. 78 in David Turton (ed.), War and Ethnicity: Global Connections and Local Violence (Rochester, 1997 ), pp. 77–103.
  29. ^ Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia, Historical Dictionaries of Europe, Rowman & Littlefield, 2019, p. 124, ISBN 1538119625.
  30. ^ Piacentini A., Make Macedonia Great Again! The New Face of Skopje and the Macedonians’ identity dilemma edited by Evinç Doğan in Reinventing Eastern Europe: Imaginaries, Identities and Transformations; Place and space series; Transnational Press London, 2019; ISBN 1910781878, p. 87.
  31. ^ Tom Lansford as ed., Political Handbook of the World 2018-2019; (2019) CQ Press, p. 968, ISBN 1544327137.
  32. ^ Gurakuç Kuçi, Hybrid Warfare And The Importance Of Elections In Geopolitics: The Case Of North Macedonia – Analysis.Eurasia Review. (ISSN 2330-717X); April 24, 2024.
  33. ^ Pandeva, I.R. (2022). North Macedonia and Russia: An Ambiguous Relationship. In: Kaeding, M., Pollak, J., Schmidt, P. (eds) Russia and the Future of Europe. The Future of Europe. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95648-6_35
  34. ^ Tomáš Vlček, Martin Jirušek, Russian Oil Enterprises in Europe: Investments and Regional Influence, Springer, 2019, p. 143, ISBN 3030198391.
  35. ^ Vassilis Petsinis, From pro-American to pro-Russian? Nikola Gruevski as a political chameleon. 22 May 2015. openDemocracy.
  36. ^ Jasmin Mujanovic, Hunger and Fury: The Crisis of Democracy in the Balkans, Oxford University Press, 2018, ISBN 0190877391, pp. 115; 162.
  37. ^ Aubrey Belford et al., Leaked Documents Show Russian, Serbian Attempts to Meddle in Macedonia. 04 June 2017, Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project.
  38. ^ Rajchinovska Pandeva, I. (2021). North Macedonia: The Name in Exchange for European Union Membership?. In: Kaeding, M., Pollak, J., Schmidt, P. (eds) Euroscepticism and the Future of Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41272-2_26

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