Vascular dementia

Vascular dementia
Other namesDementia due to cerebrovascular disease;[1]
Vascular cognitive impairment[2]
Brain atrophy from vascular dementia
SpecialtyPsychiatry, neurology Edit this on Wikidata
SymptomsCognitive impairment, short term memory loss[3]
ComplicationsHeart disease, loss of ability to care for self,loss of ability to interact, pneumonia[4]
CausesConditions that impair blood vessels in the brain and therefore interfere with oxygen delivery to the brain[3]
Risk factorsHigh blood pressure, high cholesterol, atrial fibrillation, diabetes[3]
Diagnostic methodLab test, neuroimaging test, neuropsychological testing[5]
Differential diagnosisAlzheimer disease[5]
TreatmentThere is no cure (however, symptoms are managed)[3][4]
Frequency15-30% of dementia cases in the United States, Europe, and Asia[5][6]

Vascular dementia is dementia caused by a series of strokes.[2][4] Restricted blood flow due to strokes reduces oxygen and glucose delivery to the brain, causing cell injury and neurological deficits in the affected region.[6] Subtypes of vascular dementia include subcortical vascular dementia, multi-infarct dementia, stroke-related dementia, and mixed dementia.[2][5]

Subcortical vascular dementia occurs from damage to small blood vessels in the brain. Multi-infarct dementia results from a series of small strokes affecting several brain regions. Stroke-related dementia involving successive small strokes causes a more gradual decline in cognition.[4] Dementia may occur when neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathologies are mixed, as in susceptible elderly people (75 years and older).[2][5] Cognitive decline can be traced back to occurrence of successive strokes.[4]

ICD-11 lists vascular dementia as dementia due to cerebrovascular disease.[1] DSM-5 lists vascular dementia as either major or mild vascular neurocognitive disorder.[7]

  1. ^ a b "ICD-11: Dementia due to cerebrovascular disease". World Health Organization. 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d Iadecola C, Duering M, Hachinski V, Joutel A, Pendlebury ST, Schneider JA, et al. (July 2019). "Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 73 (25): 3326–3344. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.04.034. PMC 6719789. PMID 31248555.
  3. ^ a b c d "Vascular dementia". National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health. 28 September 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Vascular dementia". MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b c d e Sanders AE, Schoo C, Kalish VB (22 October 2023). "Vascular dementia". StatPearls, US National Library of Medicine. PMID 28613567. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  6. ^ a b Wong CE, Chui CH (June 2022). "Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia". Continuum. 28 (3): 750–780. doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000001124. PMC 9833847. PMID 35678401.
  7. ^ American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. pp. 591–603. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.

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