Vasopressin

AVP
Identifiers
Aliases	AVP, ADH, ARVP, AVP-NPII, AVRP, VP, arginine vasopressin, Vasopressin
External IDs	OMIM: 192340; MGI: 88121; HomoloGene: 417; GeneCards: AVP; OMA:AVP - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 20 (human)
End	3,084,724 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)
End	130,424,474 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	hypothalamus; ; internal globus pallidus; ; gastric mucosa; ; kidney; ; monocyte; ; amygdala; ; anterior pituitary; ; subcutaneous adipose tissue; ; substantia nigra; ; left adrenal gland;
	Top expressed in
	paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus; ; supraoptic nucleus; ; arcuate nucleus; ; optic nerve; ; median eminence; ; suprachiasmatic nucleus; ; ventromedial nucleus; ; lateral hypothalamus; ; lens; ; tongue;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein kinase activity; hormone activity; cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process; neurohypophyseal hormone activity; signaling receptor binding; V1A vasopressin receptor binding; V1B vasopressin receptor binding; neuropeptide hormone activity;
Cellular component	extracellular region; cytosol; clathrin-coated vesicle membrane; extracellular space; secretory granule; dendrite;
Biological process	negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; vasoconstriction; negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria; ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; water transport; cell-cell signaling; negative regulation of apoptotic process; protein kinase C signaling; generation of precursor metabolites and energy; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; positive regulation of gene expression; renal water homeostasis; signal transduction; apoptotic process; membrane organization; regulation of signaling receptor activity; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; maternal aggressive behavior; positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; negative regulation of female receptivity; grooming behavior; locomotory behavior; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; positive regulation of glutamate secretion; response to organic cyclic compound; positive regulation of cell growth; positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process; positive regulation of cellular pH reduction; response to testosterone; response to nicotine; social behavior; regulation of renal sodium excretion; hyperosmotic salinity response; maternal behavior; penile erection; response to ethanol; positive regulation of vasoconstriction; multicellular organismal water homeostasis; negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	551
	11998
	ENSG00000101200
	ENSMUSG00000037727
	P01185
	P35455
	NM_000490
	NM_009732
	NP_000481
	NP_033862
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Vasopressin
Clinical data
Pronunciation	/ˌveɪzoʊˈprɛsɪn/
Other names	Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); arginine vasopressin (AVP); argipressin
ATC code	H01BA01 (WHO) ;
Physiological data
Source tissues	Supraoptic nucleus; paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
Target tissues	System-wide
Receptors	V1A, V1B, V2, OXTR
Agonists	Felypressin, desmopressin
Antagonists	Diuretics
Metabolism	Predominantly in the liver and kidneys
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	1%
Metabolism	Predominantly in the liver and kidneys
Elimination half-life	10–20 minutes
Excretion	Urine
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 1-{[(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19R)-19-Amino-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-10-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-13-benzyl-16-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosan-4-yl]carbonyl}-L-p rolyl-L-arginylglycinamide;
CAS Number	11000-17-2 ;
PubChem CID	644077;
IUPHAR/BPS	2168;
DrugBank	DB00067 ;
ChemSpider	559126 ;
UNII	Y87Y826H08;
KEGG	D00101 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:9937 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL373742 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0048349 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C46H65N15O12S2
Molar mass	1084.24 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Density	1.6±0.1 g/cm3
	SMILES c1ccc(cc1)C[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N2)Cc3ccc(cc3)O)N)C(=O)N4CCC[C@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N)CC(=O)N)CCC(=O)N;
	InChI InChI=1S/C46H65N15O12S2 /c47-27-22-74-75-23-33(45(73)61-17-5-9-34(61)44(72)56-28(8-4-16-53-46(51)52)39(67)54-21-37(50)65)60-43(71)32(20-36(49)64)59-40(68)29(14-15-35(48)63)55-41(69)31(18-24-6-2-1-3-7-24)58-42(70)30(57-38(27)66)19-25-10-12-26(62)13-11-25/h1-3,6-7,10-13,27-34,62H,4-5,8-9,14-23,47H2,(H2,48,63)(H2,49,64)(H2,50,65)(H,54,67)(H,55,69)(H,56,72)(H,57,66)(H,58,70)(H,59,68)(H,60,71)(H4,51,52,53)/t27-,28-,29-,30-,31-,32-,33-,34-/m0/s1 ; Key:KBZOIRJILGZLEJ-LGYYRGKSSA-N ;

Human vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin,^[5] is a hormone synthesized from the AVP gene as a peptide prohormone in neurons in the hypothalamus,^[6] and is converted to AVP. It then travels down the axon terminating in the posterior pituitary, and is released from vesicles into the circulation in response to extracellular fluid hypertonicity (hyperosmolality). AVP has two primary functions. First, it increases the amount of solute-free water reabsorbed back into the circulation from the filtrate in the kidney tubules of the nephrons. Second, AVP constricts arterioles, which increases peripheral vascular resistance and raises arterial blood pressure.^[7]^[8]^[9]

A third function is possible. Some AVP may be released directly into the brain from the hypothalamus, and may play an important role in social behavior, sexual motivation and pair bonding, and maternal responses to stress.^[10]

Vasopressin induces differentiation of stem cells into cardiomyocytes and promotes heart muscle homeostasis.^[11]

It has a very short half-life, between 16 and 24 minutes.^[9]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101200 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037727 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Anderson DA (2012). Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary (32nd ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-6257-8.
^ Sukhov RR, Walker LC, Rance NE, Price DL, Young WS 3rd (1993). "Vasopressin and oxytocin gene expression in the human hypothalamus". Journal of Comparative Neurology. 337 (2): 295–306. doi:10.1002/cne.903370210. PMC 9883978. PMID 8277003. S2CID 35174328.
^ Marieb E (2014). Anatomy & physiology. Glenview, IL: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-321-86158-0.
^ Caldwell HK, Young WS III (2006). "Oxytocin and Vasopressin: Genetics and Behavioral Implications" (PDF). In Lajtha A, Lim R (eds.). Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology: Neuroactive Proteins and Peptides (3rd ed.). Berlin: Springer. pp. 573–607. ISBN 978-0-387-30348-2.
^ ^a ^b Babar SM (October 2013). "SIADH associated with ciprofloxacin". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 47 (10): 1359–63. doi:10.1177/1060028013502457. PMID 24259701. S2CID 36759747.
^ Insel TR (March 2010). "The challenge of translation in social neuroscience: a review of oxytocin, vasopressin, and affiliative behavior". Neuron. 65 (6): 768–79. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.005. PMC 2847497. PMID 20346754.
^ Costa A, Rossi E, Scicchitano BM, Coletti D, Moresi V, Adamo S (September 2014). "Neurohypophyseal Hormones: Novel Actors of Striated Muscle Development and Homeostasis". review. European Journal of Translational Myology. 24 (3): 3790. doi:10.4081/bam.2014.3.217. PMC 4756744. PMID 26913138.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101200 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037727 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Dorlands-5] Anderson DA (2012). Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary (32nd ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-6257-8.

[Sukhov_1993-6] Sukhov RR, Walker LC, Rance NE, Price DL, Young WS 3rd (1993). "Vasopressin and oxytocin gene expression in the human hypothalamus". Journal of Comparative Neurology. 337 (2): 295–306. doi:10.1002/cne.903370210. PMC 9883978. PMID 8277003. S2CID 35174328.

[Marieb-7] Marieb E (2014). Anatomy & physiology. Glenview, IL: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-321-86158-0.

[isbn0-387-30348-0-8] Caldwell HK, Young WS III (2006). "Oxytocin and Vasopressin: Genetics and Behavioral Implications" (PDF). In Lajtha A, Lim R (eds.). Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology: Neuroactive Proteins and Peptides (3rd ed.). Berlin: Springer. pp. 573–607. ISBN 978-0-387-30348-2.

[babar2013-9] Babar SM (October 2013). "SIADH associated with ciprofloxacin". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 47 (10): 1359–63. doi:10.1177/1060028013502457. PMID 24259701. S2CID 36759747.

[10] Insel TR (March 2010). "The challenge of translation in social neuroscience: a review of oxytocin, vasopressin, and affiliative behavior". Neuron. 65 (6): 768–79. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.005. PMC 2847497. PMID 20346754.

[Costa_2014-11] Costa A, Rossi E, Scicchitano BM, Coletti D, Moresi V, Adamo S (September 2014). "Neurohypophyseal Hormones: Novel Actors of Striated Muscle Development and Homeostasis". review. European Journal of Translational Myology. 24 (3): 3790. doi:10.4081/bam.2014.3.217. PMC 4756744. PMID 26913138.

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