Vermont Republic

Vermont Republic
*État du Vermont* (French)
Vermont Republic État du Vermont (French)
1777–1791
	Flag Great Seal
	Motto: Freedom and Unity (on Great Seal); Stella quarta decima (English: the fourteenth star; on Vermont coinage)
	Location of the Vermont Republic in 1777 (modern state boundaries shown).
Capital	Westminster (1777); Windsor (1777–?); Castleton (?–1791);
Common languages	English; French;
Government	Republic
Governor
• 1778–1789	Thomas Chittenden
• 1789–1790	Moses Robinson
• 1790–1791	Thomas Chittenden
Legislature	House of Representatives of the Freemen of Vermont
Historical era	Early modern period
• Independence	January 15, 1777
• Admission to the Union with the United States	March 4, 1791
Currency	Vermont copper
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	New York
	New Hampshire
	Quebec
	New Hampshire Grants
Vermont
Today part of	Vermont

The Vermont Republic (French: République du Vermont), officially known at the time as the State of Vermont (French: État du Vermont), was an independent state in New England that existed from January 15, 1777, to March 4, 1791.^[1] The state was founded in January 1777, when delegates from 28 towns met and declared independence from the jurisdictions and land claims of the British colonies of Quebec, New Hampshire, and New York. The republic remained in existence for the next fourteen years, albeit without diplomatic recognition from any foreign power. On March 4, 1791, it was admitted into the United States as the State of Vermont, with the constitution and laws of the independent state continuing in effect after admission.^[2]

The delegates forbade adult slavery within their republic, although the Vermont constitution continued to make allowances for the enslavement of men under the age of 21 and women under the age of 18. Many Vermonters took part in the American Revolution on the side of the Revolution, but the Continental Congress did not recognize the independence of Vermont (then also known as the New Hampshire Grants) due to objections from New York, which had conflicting property claims.^[3]^[4] In a response to this, members representing Vermont conducted negotiations to join the Province of Quebec, which were accepted by the British, who offered generous terms for the republic's reunion. When the British surrendered at the Siege of Yorktown in 1781, however, American independence became apparent. Vermont, later bordered on three sides by U.S. territory, ended negotiations with Britain and instead negotiated terms to become part of the United States.^[5]

Many of its citizens favored political union with the United States rather than full independence. While the Continental Congress did not allow a seat for Vermont, Vermont engaged William Samuel Johnson, representing Connecticut, to promote its interests.^[6] In 1785 the Vermont General Assembly granted Johnson title to the former King's College Tract as a form of compensation for representing Vermont.^[7]

^ Van DeWater, Frederic F. (1974) [1941]. The Reluctant Republic, Vermont 1724–1791. The Countryman Press. pp. 195, 218–219. ISBN 978-0-914378-02-0.
^ Van de Water, p. 337
^ "Journals of the Continental Congress --MONDAY, JUNE 30, 1777". memory.loc.gov.
^ Onuf, Peter S. (1981). "State-Making in Revolutionary America: Independent Vermont as a Case Study". Journal of American History. 67 (4): 806–7. doi:10.2307/1888050. JSTOR 1888050.
^ Bemis, S. F. (1916). "Relations between the Vermont Separatists and Great Britain, 1789–1791". American Historical Review. 21 (3): 547–560. doi:10.1086/ahr/21.3.547.
^ Swift, Esther M. (1977). Vermont Place-Names, Footprints in History. The Stephen Greene Press. pp. 282–283. ISBN 978-0-8289-0291-5.
^ Swift, Esther M. (1977). Vermont Place-Names, Footprints in History. The Stephen Greene Press. pp. 580, 587–588. ISBN 978-0-8289-0291-5.

[vandewater-1] Van DeWater, Frederic F. (1974) [1941]. The Reluctant Republic, Vermont 1724–1791. The Countryman Press. pp. 195, 218–219. ISBN 978-0-914378-02-0.

[2] Van de Water, p. 337

[3] "Journals of the Continental Congress --MONDAY, JUNE 30, 1777". memory.loc.gov.

[4] Onuf, Peter S. (1981). "State-Making in Revolutionary America: Independent Vermont as a Case Study". Journal of American History. 67 (4): 806–7. doi:10.2307/1888050. JSTOR 1888050.

[5] Bemis, S. F. (1916). "Relations between the Vermont Separatists and Great Britain, 1789–1791". American Historical Review. 21 (3): 547–560. doi:10.1086/ahr/21.3.547.

[6] Swift, Esther M. (1977). Vermont Place-Names, Footprints in History. The Stephen Greene Press. pp. 282–283. ISBN 978-0-8289-0291-5.

[7] Swift, Esther M. (1977). Vermont Place-Names, Footprints in History. The Stephen Greene Press. pp. 580, 587–588. ISBN 978-0-8289-0291-5.

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