Violaceae

Violaceae; Temporal range:
	Viola banksii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Violaceae; Batsch
Type genus
	Viola;
Subfamilies
	See text.

Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus Viola, the violets and pansies.

Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed the Violaceae in an order named after it, the Violales or the Parietales. However, molecular phylogeny studies place the family in the Malpighiales as reflected in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) classification, with 41 other families, where it is situated in the parietal clade of 11 families. Most of the species are found in three large genera, Viola, Rinorea and Hybanthus. The other genera are largely monotypic or oligotypic. The genera are grouped into four clades within the family. The species are largely tropical or subtropical but Viola has a number of species in temperate regions. Many genera have a very restricted distribution.

^ Centeno-González, Naylet K.; Porras-Múzquiz, Héctor; Estrada-Ruiz, Emilio (2019-04-01). "A new fossil genus of angiosperm leaf from the Olmos Formation (upper Campanian), of northern Mexico". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 91: 80–87. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2019.01.016. ISSN 0895-9811.
^ Centeno-González, N. K.; Upchurch, G. R.; Zúñiga, G.; Porras-Múzquiz, H.; Estrada-Ruiz, E. (2023-12-24). "PARATROPICAL rainforest from the Olmos formation (UPPER Campanian), Coahuila, Mexico". Cretaceous Research: 105813. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105813. ISSN 0195-6671.

[1] Centeno-González, Naylet K.; Porras-Múzquiz, Héctor; Estrada-Ruiz, Emilio (2019-04-01). "A new fossil genus of angiosperm leaf from the Olmos Formation (upper Campanian), of northern Mexico". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 91: 80–87. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2019.01.016. ISSN 0895-9811.

[2] Centeno-González, N. K.; Upchurch, G. R.; Zúñiga, G.; Porras-Múzquiz, H.; Estrada-Ruiz, E. (2023-12-24). "PARATROPICAL rainforest from the Olmos formation (UPPER Campanian), Coahuila, Mexico". Cretaceous Research: 105813. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105813. ISSN 0195-6671.

[1]

[2]

Violaceae Temporal range:

Viola banksii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Violaceae Batsch
Type genus
Viola
Subfamilies
See text.