Vitamin D receptor

VDR
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1DB1, 1IE8, 1IE9, 1KB2, 1KB4, 1KB6, 1S0Z, 1S19, 1TXI, 1YNW, 2HAM, 2HAR, 2HAS, 2HB7, 2HB8, 3A2I, 3A2J, 3A3Z, 3A40, 3A78, 3AUQ, 3AUR, 3AX8, 3AZ1, 3AZ2, 3AZ3, 3B0T, 3CS4, 3CS6, 3KPZ, 3M7R, 3OGT, 3P8X, 3TKC, 3VHW, 4G2I, 3W0A, 3W0C, 3W0Y, 3WGP, 3WWR, 4ITE, 4ITF, 4PA2, 3X31, 3X36, 4FHH, 4FHI, 2HBH
Identifiers
Aliases	VDR, NR1I1, PPP1R163, vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor, vitamin D receptor
External IDs	OMIM: 601769; MGI: 103076; HomoloGene: 37297; GeneCards: VDR; OMA:VDR - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	47,943,048 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 15 (mouse)
End	97,808,511 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	tibia; ; hair follicle; ; jejunal mucosa; ; mucosa of colon; ; mucosa of sigmoid colon; ; duodenum; ; mucosa of ileum; ; skin of arm; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; periodontal fiber;
	Top expressed in
	duodenum; ; lip; ; large intestine; ; right kidney; ; colon; ; crypt of lieberkuhn of small intestine; ; left colon; ; Paneth cell; ; jejunum; ; islet of Langerhans;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	lithocholic acid binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; DNA binding; lithocholic acid receptor activity; nuclear receptor activity; steroid hormone receptor activity; protein binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity; zinc ion binding; metal ion binding; vitamin D response element binding; retinoid X receptor binding; calcitriol binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; transcription cis-regulatory region binding; RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; vitamin D binding; transcription factor binding; nuclear receptor coactivator activity; signaling receptor activity;
Cellular component	nucleus; nucleoplasm; receptor complex; RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex; cytoplasm;
Biological process	negative regulation of cell population proliferation; positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution; positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation; regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity; intestinal absorption; calcium ion transport; steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; lactation; bile acid signaling pathway; animal organ morphogenesis; cell morphogenesis; skeletal system development; positive regulation of gene expression; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; multicellular organism development; negative regulation of keratinocyte proliferation; decidualization; negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity; mammary gland branching involved in pregnancy; signal transduction; cellular calcium ion homeostasis; transcription, DNA-templated; vitamin D receptor signaling pathway; vitamin D metabolic process; cell differentiation; intracellular receptor signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	7421
	22337
	ENSG00000111424
	ENSMUSG00000022479
	P11473
	P48281
NM_000376; NM_001017535; NM_001017536; NM_001364085; NM_001374661;
	NM_001374662
	NM_009504
NP_000367; NP_001017535; NP_001017536; NP_001351014; NP_001361590;
	NP_001361591
	NP_033530
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

The vitamin D receptor (VDR also known as the calcitriol receptor) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors.^[5] Calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-(OH)₂vitamin D₃) binds to VDR, which then forms a heterodimer with the retinoid-X receptor. The VDR heterodimer then enters the nucleus and binds to Vitamin D responsive elements (VDRE) in genomic DNA. VDR binding results in expression or transrepression of many specific gene products. VDR is also involved in microRNA-directed post transcriptional mechanisms.^[6] In humans, the vitamin D receptor is encoded by the VDR gene located on chromosome 12q13.11.^[7]

VDR is expressed in most tissues of the body, and regulates transcription of genes involved in intestinal and renal transport of calcium and other minerals.^[8] Glucocorticoids decrease VDR expression.^[8] Many types of immune cells also express VDR.^[9]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000111424 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022479 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Moore DD, Kato S, Xie W, Mangelsdorf DJ, Schmidt DR, Xiao R, Kliewer SA (December 2006). "International Union of Pharmacology. LXII. The NR1H and NR1I receptors: constitutive androstane receptor, pregnene X receptor, farnesoid X receptor alpha, farnesoid X receptor beta, liver X receptor alpha, liver X receptor beta, and vitamin D receptor". Pharmacol. Rev. 58 (4): 742–59. doi:10.1124/pr.58.4.6. PMID 17132852. S2CID 85996383.
^ Lisse TS, Chun RF, Rieger S, Adams JS, Hewison M (June 2013). "Vitamin D activation of functionally distinct regulatory miRNAs in primary human osteoblasts". J Bone Miner Res. 28 (6): 1478–14788. doi:10.1002/jbmr.1882. PMC 3663893. PMID 23362149.
^ Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Riviere M, Levan G, Marynen P, Cassiman JJ, Wiese R, DeLuca HF (September 1991). "The Sp1 transcription factor gene (SP1) and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor gene (VDR) are colocalized on human chromosome arm 12q and rat chromosome 7". Genomics. 11 (1): 168–73. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90114-T. PMID 1662663.
^ ^a ^b Fleet JC, Schoch RD (August 2010). "Molecular Mechanisms for Regulation of Intestinal Calcium Absorption by Vitamin D and Other Factors". Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 47 (4): 181–195. doi:10.3109/10408363.2010.536429. PMC 3235806. PMID 21182397.
^ Adorini L, Daniel KC, Penna G (2006). "Vitamin D receptor agonists, cancer and the immune system: an intricate relationship". Curr Top Med Chem. 6 (12): 1297–301. doi:10.2174/156802606777864890. PMID 16848743.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000111424 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022479 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid17132852-5] Moore DD, Kato S, Xie W, Mangelsdorf DJ, Schmidt DR, Xiao R, Kliewer SA (December 2006). "International Union of Pharmacology. LXII. The NR1H and NR1I receptors: constitutive androstane receptor, pregnene X receptor, farnesoid X receptor alpha, farnesoid X receptor beta, liver X receptor alpha, liver X receptor beta, and vitamin D receptor". Pharmacol. Rev. 58 (4): 742–59. doi:10.1124/pr.58.4.6. PMID 17132852. S2CID 85996383.

[pmid23362149-6] Lisse TS, Chun RF, Rieger S, Adams JS, Hewison M (June 2013). "Vitamin D activation of functionally distinct regulatory miRNAs in primary human osteoblasts". J Bone Miner Res. 28 (6): 1478–14788. doi:10.1002/jbmr.1882. PMC 3663893. PMID 23362149.

[pmid1662663-7] Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Riviere M, Levan G, Marynen P, Cassiman JJ, Wiese R, DeLuca HF (September 1991). "The Sp1 transcription factor gene (SP1) and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor gene (VDR) are colocalized on human chromosome arm 12q and rat chromosome 7". Genomics. 11 (1): 168–73. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90114-T. PMID 1662663.

[pmid21182397-8] Fleet JC, Schoch RD (August 2010). "Molecular Mechanisms for Regulation of Intestinal Calcium Absorption by Vitamin D and Other Factors". Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 47 (4): 181–195. doi:10.3109/10408363.2010.536429. PMC 3235806. PMID 21182397.

[pmid16848743-9] Adorini L, Daniel KC, Penna G (2006). "Vitamin D receptor agonists, cancer and the immune system: an intricate relationship". Curr Top Med Chem. 6 (12): 1297–301. doi:10.2174/156802606777864890. PMID 16848743.

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