Wadi el-Hol inscriptions

The Wadi el-Hol inscriptions are two rock inscriptions which appear to show some of the oldest examples of phonetic alphabetic writing discovered to date.^[1]^[2]

Wadi el-Hol (where Wadi means valley in Arabic) is a valley on the Farshut Road, north-west of Luxor on the Qena Bend, situated on the west bank of the river Nile in Egypt.^[3]

^ Goldwasser, Orly (Mar–Apr 2010). "How the Alphabet Was Born from Hieroglyphs". Biblical Archaeology Review. 36 (1). Washington, DC: Biblical Archaeology Society. ISSN 0098-9444. Retrieved 6 Nov 2011.
^ Puech, Émile (2024). "Inscriptions alphabétiques du Ouâdî el-Ḥôl". Revue Biblique. 131 (1): 5–23. doi:10.2143/RBI.131.1.3292592. ISSN 2466-8583.
^ Baker, Dorie (13 December 1999). "Finding sheds new light on the alphabet's origins". Yale Bulletin and Calendar.

[BAR-1] Goldwasser, Orly (Mar–Apr 2010). "How the Alphabet Was Born from Hieroglyphs". Biblical Archaeology Review. 36 (1). Washington, DC: Biblical Archaeology Society. ISSN 0098-9444. Retrieved 6 Nov 2011.

[2] Puech, Émile (2024). "Inscriptions alphabétiques du Ouâdî el-Ḥôl". Revue Biblique. 131 (1): 5–23. doi:10.2143/RBI.131.1.3292592. ISSN 2466-8583.

[3] Baker, Dorie (13 December 1999). "Finding sheds new light on the alphabet's origins". Yale Bulletin and Calendar.

[1]

[2]

[3]